{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T10:59:58Z","timestamp":1740135598640,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) requires intra-articular injection of gadolinium-based diluted paramagnetic contrast material. To our knowledge, gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) has never been used for intra-articular applications. Our aim was to test in vitro different concentrations of Gd-BOPTA to be potentially used to perform MRA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Gd-BOPTA was diluted in saline (NaCl 0.9%) to achieve different concentrations (4\u2009mmol\/l; 2\u2009mmol\/l; 1\u2009mmol\/l; 0.67\u2009mmol\/l; 0.5\u2009mmol\/l). Six sets of five sterile pipes were prepared with 5\u2009ml of each solution, five sets added with 0.5\u2009ml of fresh synovial fluid. Two separate pipes were prepared with 5\u2009ml of gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) at 2\u2009mmol\/l, one pipe added with 0.5\u2009ml of synovial fluid. Pipes were imaged using a T1-weighted sequence at 1.5\u2009T. For each pipe, signal intensity (SI) in arbitrary units (au) was measured.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>SI reproducibility range was 86\u201399%. Mean Gd-BOPTA SI in pipes containing synovial fluid increased from 1236\u2009\u00b1\u20098au (0.5\u2009mmol\/l) up to 1610\u2009\u00b1\u200944au (1\u2009mmol\/l) and down to 1405\u2009\u00b1\u200933au (4\u2009mmol\/l). Mean Gd-BOPTA SI in pipes without synovial fluid increased from 1184\u2009\u00b1\u200929au (0.5\u2009mmol\/l) up to 1530\u2009\u00b1\u200938au (1\u2009mmol\/l), and down to 1347\u2009\u00b1\u200939au (4\u2009mmol\/l). SI of pipes without synovial fluid was lower than that of pipes with synovial fluid for both Gd-BOPTA and Gd-DTPA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.002). Regarding pipes with synovial fluid, mean Gd-DTPA SI at 2\u2009mmol\/l was 1246\u2009\u00b1\u200927au. Compared with Gd-BOPTA, SI was not different at 0.5\u2009mmol\/l (\u2212\u20090.2%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.587) while it was higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) at all other concentrations (range\u2009+\u200913.3%[4\u2009mmol\/l]\u2009\u2212\u2009+\u200928.3%[1\u2009mmol\/l]). Regarding pipes without synovial fluid, mean Gd-DTPA SI at 2\u2009mmol\/l was 1275\u2009\u00b1\u200956au. Compared with Gd-BOPTA, SI was lower at 0.5\u2009mmol\/l (\u2212\u20096.8%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while it was higher (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) at all other concentrations (range\u2009+\u20096.1%[4\u2009mmol\/l]\u2009\u2212\u2009+\u200919.6% [1\u2009mmol\/l]).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In vitro, Gd-BOPTA at 1\u2009mmol\/ had a\u2009+\u200928% SI increase in comparison to Gd-DTPA 2\u2009mmol\/l. SI similar to Gd-DTPA can be obtained using one fourth concentration of Gd-BOPTA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-019-0387-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T18:24:53Z","timestamp":1572027893000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Potential use of a diluted high-relaxivity gadolinium-based intra-articular contrast agent for magnetic resonance arthrography: an in-vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Messina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7989-9861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Albano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Orlandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Chianca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Corazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Gitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca Maria","family":"Sconfienza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"387_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.22.5.g02se301223","volume":"22","author":"Lynne S. 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The other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"83"}}