{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T18:27:43Z","timestamp":1780597663975,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594598400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Science and Technology Research Fund in Guangdong Province of China","award":["B2019111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2019111"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accurate identification of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and Parkinsonism-Plus syndrome (PPS), especially in the early stage of the disease, is very important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the discriminative spatial pattern of cerebral blood flow (CBF) between patients with PD and PPS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion-weighted imaging was performed in 20 patients with PD (mean age 56.35\u2009\u00b1\u20097.56\u2009years), 16 patients with PPS (mean age 59.62\u2009\u00b1\u20096.89\u2009years), and 17 healthy controls (HCs, mean age 54.17\u2009\u00b1\u20096.58\u2009years). Voxel-wise comparison of the CBF was performed among PD, PPS, and HC groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of CBF in discriminating between PD and PPS. The relationship between CBF and non-motor neuropsychological scores was assessed by correlation analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PD group showed a significantly decreased CBF in the right cerebelum_crus2, the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), the triangle inferior frontal gyrus (IFG_Tri), the left frontal medial orbital gyrus (FG_Med_Orb) and the left caudate nucleus (CN) compared with the HC group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Besides the above regions, the left supplementary motor area (SMA), the right thalamus had decreased CBF in the PPS group compared with the HC group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). PPS group had lower CBF value in the left MFG, the left IFG_Tri, the left CN, the left SMA, and the right thalamus compared with the PD group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). CBFs in left IFG_Tri, the left CN, the left SMA, and the right thalamus had moderate to high capacity in discriminating between PD and PPS patients (AUC 0.719\u20130.831). The CBF was positively correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores in PD patients, while positively correlated with the MMSE, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores in PPS patients (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PD and PPS patients have certain discriminative patterns of reduced CBFs, which can be used as a surrogate marker for differential diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-020-00479-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T08:06:02Z","timestamp":1594627562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Discriminative pattern of reduced cerebral blood flow in Parkinson\u2019s disease and Parkinsonism-Plus syndrome: an ASL-MRI study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruomi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wensheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanbo","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7746-5285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"479_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldn013","volume":"86","author":"CA Davie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Davie CA. A review of Parkinson's disease. Br Med Bull. 2008;86:109\u201327.","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"479_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(11)70012-8","volume":"18","author":"DJ Brooks","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brooks DJ. Parkinson's disease: diagnosis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012;18(Suppl 1):S31\u20133.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"479_CR3","first-page":"183","volume":"51","author":"K Mitra","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mitra K, Gangopadhaya PK, Das SK. Parkinsonism plus syndrome--a review. Neurol India. 2003;51(2):183\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"479_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.226459","volume":"66","author":"P Srivanitchapoom","year":"2018","unstructured":"Srivanitchapoom P, Pitakpatapee Y, Suengtaworn A. Parkinsonian syndromes: A review. Neurol India. 2018;66(Supplement):S15\u201325.","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"issue":"10","key":"479_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2010.07.004","volume":"166","author":"GK Wenning","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wenning GK, Colosimo C. Diagnostic criteria for multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2010;166(10):829\u201333.","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"issue":"6","key":"479_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.5692\/clinicalneurol.cn-000969","volume":"57","author":"S Orimo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Orimo S. New development of diagnosis and treatment for Parkinson's disease. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2017;57(6):259\u201373.","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"issue":"11","key":"479_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.5692\/clinicalneurol.53.977","volume":"53","author":"S Orimo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Orimo S. Initial diagnosis of Parkinson's disease - neuroradiological diagnosis. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2013;53(11):977\u201380.","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"issue":"1","key":"479_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12613","volume":"62","author":"S Bacchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bacchi S, Chim I, Patel S. Specificity and sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging findings in the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2018;62(1):21\u201331.","journal-title":"J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"479_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3174","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-4743-x","volume":"27","author":"N Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang N, Yang H, Li C, Fan G, Luo X. Using 'swallow-tail' sign and putaminal hypointensity as biomarkers to distinguish multiple system atrophy from idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a susceptibility-weighted imaging study. Eur Radiol. 2017;27(8):3174\u201380.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"479_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.17025","volume":"10","author":"T Yeo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yeo T, Tan LC. 'Hummingbird' sign in a patient with Guam parkinsonism-dementia complex. J Mov Disord. 2017;10(3):145\u20138.","journal-title":"J Mov Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"479_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-017-1812-4","volume":"59","author":"K Sakurai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sakurai K, Tokumaru AM, Shimoji K, Murayama S, Kanemaru K, Morimoto S, et al. Beyond the midbrain atrophy: wide spectrum of structural MRI finding in cases of pathologically proven progressive supranuclear palsy. Neuroradiology. 2017;59(5):431\u20133.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"479_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.076802","volume":"51","author":"S Yagi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yagi S, Yoshikawa E, Futatsubashi M, Yokokura M, Yoshihara Y, Torizuka T, et al. Progression from unilateral to bilateral parkinsonism in early Parkinson disease: implication of mesocortical dopamine dysfunction by PET. J Nucl Med. 2010;51(8):1250\u20137.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"479_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/MNM.0000000000000674","volume":"38","author":"N Uyama","year":"2017","unstructured":"Uyama N, Otsuka H, Shinya T, Otomi Y, Harada M, Sako W, et al. The utility of the combination of a SPECT study with [123I]-FP-CIT of dopamine transporters and [123I]-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in differentiating Parkinson disease from other degenerative parkinsonian syndromes. Nucl Med Commun. 2017;38(6):487\u201392.","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"479_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9121-3","volume":"266","author":"V Chelban","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chelban V, Bocchetta M, Hassanein S, Haridy NA, Houlden H, Rohrer JD. An update on advances in magnetic resonance imaging of multiple system atrophy. J Neurol. 2019;266(4):1036\u201345.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"479_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.04.014","volume":"401","author":"M Tsuda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsuda M, Asano S, Kato Y, Murai K, Miyazaki M. Differential diagnosis of multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease using neural networks. J Neurol Sci. 2019;401:19\u201326.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"479_CR16","first-page":"48","volume":"75","author":"S Orimo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Orimo S. Diagnostic imaging in Parkinson's disease. Nihon Rinsho. 2017;75(1):48\u201355.","journal-title":"Nihon Rinsho"},{"key":"479_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.12.023","volume":"36","author":"A Stezin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stezin A, Lenka A, Jhunjhunwala K, Saini J, Pal PK. Advanced structural neuroimaging in progressive supranuclear palsy: where do we stand? Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2017;36:19\u201332.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"479_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pjnns.2015.10.002","volume":"49","author":"M Dabrowska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dabrowska M, Schinwelski M, Sitek EJ, Muraszko-Klaudel A, Brockhuis B, Jamrozik Z, et al. The role of neuroimaging in the diagnosis of the atypical parkinsonian syndromes in clinical practice. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2015;49(6):421\u201331.","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"issue":"10","key":"479_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5260","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23732","volume":"38","author":"S Dolui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dolui S, Vidorreta M, Wang Z, Nasrallah IM, Alavi A, Wolk DA, et al. Comparison of PASL, PCASL, and background-suppressed 3D PCASL in mild cognitive impairment. Hum Brain Mapp. 2017;38(10):5260\u201373.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"479_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq377","volume":"134","author":"TR Melzer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Melzer TR, Watts R, MacAskill MR, Pearson JF, R\u00fceger S, Pitcher TL, et al. Arterial spin labelling reveals an abnormal cerebral perfusion pattern in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain. 2011;134(Pt 3):845\u201355.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"479_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00777","volume":"13","author":"W Zheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng W, Ren S, Zhang H, Liu M, Zhang Q, Chen Z, et al. Spatial patterns of decreased cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity in multiple system atrophy (cerebellar-type): a combined arterial spin labeling perfusion and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Front Neurosci. 2019;13:777.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"479_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8370-2","volume":"264","author":"J Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li J, Jin M, Wang L, Qin B, Wang K. MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease in China. J Neurol. 2017;264(3):476\u201381.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"479_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.10.033","volume":"59","author":"MA Fern\u00e1ndez-Seara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Seara MA, Mengual E, Vidorreta M, Azn\u00e1rez-Sanado M, Loayza FR, Villagra F, et al. Cortical hypoperfusion in Parkinson\u2019s disease assessed using arterial spin labeled perfusion MRI. NeuroImage. 2012;59(3):2743\u201350.","journal-title":"NeuroImage."},{"issue":"1","key":"479_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25197","volume":"73","author":"DC Alsop","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alsop DC, Detre JA, Golay X, et al. Recommended implementation of arterial spin-labeled perfusion MRI for clinical applications: a consensus of the ISMRM perfusion study group and the European consortium for ASL in dementia. Magn Reson Med. 2015;73(1):102\u201316.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"479_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071461","volume":"8","author":"N Denier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Denier N, Gerber H, Vogel M, Klarh\u00f6fer M, Riecher-Rossler A, Wiesbeck GA, et al. Reduction in cerebral perfusion after heroin administration: a resting state arterial spin labeling study. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e71461.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"479_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.02.017","volume":"245","author":"AM Mersov","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mersov AM, Crane DE, Chappell MA, Black SE, MacIntosh BJ. Estimating the sample size required to detect an arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance imaging perfusion abnormality in voxel-wise group analyses. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;245:169\u201377.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"479_CR27","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Information processing in medical imaging","author":"A Collignon","year":"1995","unstructured":"Collignon A, Maes F, Delaere D, et al. Automated multi-modality image registration based on information theory. In: Bizais Y, Barillot C, Di Paola R, editors. Information processing in medical imaging. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1995. p. 263\u201374."},{"issue":"3","key":"479_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018","volume":"26","author":"J Ashburner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ashburner J, Friston KJ. Unified segmentation. Neuroimage. 2005;26(3):839\u201351.","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"key":"479_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33762","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33762","volume":"6","author":"X Wei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wei X, Yan R, Chen Z, Weng R, Liu X, Gao H, et al. Combined diffusion tensor imaging and arterial spin labeling as markers of early Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep. 2016;6:33762.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"479_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-009-1168-z","volume":"36","author":"A Paschali","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paschali A, Messinis L, Lyros E, Constantoyannis C, Kefalopoulou Z, Lakiotis V, et al. Neuropsychological functions and rCBF SPECT in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients considered candidates for deep brain stimulation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36(11):1851\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"10","key":"479_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.058685","volume":"76","author":"MJ Firbank","year":"2005","unstructured":"Firbank MJ, Molloy S, McKeith IG, Burn DJ, O'Brien JT. Longitudinal change in 99mTcHMPAO cerebral perfusion SPECT in Parkinson\u2019s disease over one year. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76(10):1448\u201351.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"479_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720170039","volume":"22","author":"A Antonini","year":"2001","unstructured":"Antonini A, De Notaris R, Benti R, De Gaspari D, Pezzoli G. Perfusion ECD\/SPECT in the characterization of cognitive deficits in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurol Sci. 2001;22(1):45\u20136.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"479_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1159\/000357128","volume":"37","author":"IU Song","year":"2014","unstructured":"Song IU, Chung YA, Chung SW, Jeong J. Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease associated with dementia using cerebral perfusion SPECT. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2014;37(5\u20136):276\u201385.","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"479_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-016-1119-2","volume":"30","author":"YD Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim YD, Jeong HS, Song IU, Chung YA, Namgung E, Kim YD. Brain perfusion alterations in depressed patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann Nucl Med. 2016;30(10):731\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"key":"479_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00246","volume":"8","author":"WC Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin WC, Chen PC, Huang CC, Tsai NW, Chen HL, Wang HC, et al. Autonomic function impairment and brain perfusion deficit in Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol. 2017;8:246.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"479_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25489","volume":"45","author":"K Yamashita","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yamashita K, Hiwatashi A, Togao O, Kikuchi K, Yamaguchi H, Suzuki Y, et al. Cerebral blood flow laterality derived from arterial spin labeling as a biomarker for assessing the disease severity of parkinson's disease. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017;45(6):1821\u20136.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"479_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.03.070","volume":"78","author":"M Niethammer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Niethammer M, Tang CC, Ma Y, Mattis PJ, Ko JH, Dhawan V, et al. Parkinson's disease cognitive network correlates with caudate dopamine. Neuroimage. 2013;78:204\u20139.","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"issue":"2","key":"479_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304811","volume":"85","author":"C Vriend","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vriend C, Raijmakers P, Veltman DJ, van Dijk KD, van der Werf YD, Foncke EM, et al. Depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease are related to reduced [123I]FP-CIT binding in the caudate nucleus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014;85(2):159\u201364.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"14","key":"479_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23915","volume":"26","author":"N Kimura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kimura N, Hanaki S, Masuda T, Hanaoka T, Hazama Y, Okazaki T, et al. Brain perfusion differences in parkinsonian disorders. Mov Disord. 2011;26(14):2530\u20137.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"479_CR40","first-page":"360","volume":"8","author":"CM Hong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hong CM, Ryu HS, Ahn BC. Early perfusion and dopamine transporter imaging using 18F-FP-CIT PET\/CT in patients with parkinsonism. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2018;8(6):360\u201372.","journal-title":"Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"479_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1700-4","volume":"124","author":"GU H\u00f6glinger","year":"2017","unstructured":"H\u00f6glinger GU, Kassubek J, Csoti I, Ehret R, Herbst H, Wellach I, et al. Differentiation of atypical Parkinson syndromes. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2017;124(8):997\u20131004.","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"479_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.116627","volume":"409","author":"N Murakami","year":"2019","unstructured":"Murakami N, Sako W, Haji S, Furukawa T, Otomi Y, Otsuka H, et al. Differences in cerebellar perfusion between Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Sci. 2019;409:116627.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"479_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2018.10.032","volume":"109","author":"SF Calloni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Calloni SF, Conte G, Sbaraini S, Cilia R, Contarino VE, Avignone S, et al. Multiparametric MR imaging of Parkinsonisms at 3 tesla: its role in the differentiation of idiopathic Parkinson's disease versus atypical Parkinsonian disorders. Eur J Radiol. 2018;109:95\u2013100.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"479_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.06.061","volume":"368","author":"W Sako","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sako W, Abe T, Murakami N, Miyazaki Y, Izumi Y, Harada M, et al. Imaging-based differential diagnosis between multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci. 2016;368:104\u20138.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"479_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2017.1312211","volume":"39","author":"L Brajkovic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brajkovic L, Kostic V, Sobic-Saranovic D, Stefanova E, Jecmenica-Lukic M, Jesic A, et al. The utility of FDG-PET in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism. Neurol Res. 2017;39(8):675\u201384.","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"479_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2013.10.013","volume":"170","author":"M Tir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tir M, Delmaire C, Besson P, Defebvre L. The value of novel MRI techniques in Parkinson-plus syndromes: diffusion tensor imaging and anatomical connectivity studies. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2014;170(4):266\u201376.","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"issue":"6","key":"479_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.40","volume":"34","author":"CJ Le Heron","year":"2014","unstructured":"Le Heron CJ, Wright SL, Melzer TR, et al. Comparing cerebral perfusion in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia: an ASL-MRI study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2014;34(6):964\u201370.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-020-00479-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12880-020-00479-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-020-00479-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T19:41:47Z","timestamp":1626118907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12880-020-00479-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-020-00479-y","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.21208\/v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.21208\/v2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 July 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital (Guangzhou, China), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"78"}}