{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:47:20Z","timestamp":1765828040356},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]],"date-time":"2021-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Projekt DEAL"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Recent studies provide evidence that hepatocellular\u00a0 adenomas\u00a0 (HCAs) frequently take up gadoxetic acid (Gd-EOB) during the hepatobiliary phase (HBP). The purpose of our study was to investigate how to differentiate between Gd-EOB-enhancing HCAs and focal nodular hyperplasias (FNHs). We therefore retrospectively included 40 HCAs classified as HBP Gd-EOB-enhancing lesions from a sample of 100 histopathologically proven HCAs in 65 patients. These enhancing HCAs were matched retrospectively with 28 FNH lesions (standard of reference: surgical resection). Two readers (experienced abdominal radiologists blinded to clinical data) reviewed the images evaluating morphologic features and subjectively scoring Gd-EOB uptake (25\u201350%, 50\u201375% and 75\u2013100%) for each lesion. Quantitative lesion-to-liver enhancement was measured in arterial, portal venous (PV), transitional and HBP. Additionally, multivariate regression analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Subjective scoring of intralesional Gd-EOB uptake showed the highest discriminatory accuracies (AUC: 0.848 (R#1); 0.920 (R#2)\u2014<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) with significantly higher uptake scores assigned to FNHs (Cut-off: 75%-100%). Typical lobulation and presence of a central scar in FNH achieved an accuracy of 0.750 or higher in at least one reader (lobulation\u2014AUC: 0.809 (R#1); 0.736 (R#2); central scar\u2014AUC: 0.595 (R#1); 0.784 (R#2)). The multivariate regression emphasized the discriminatory power of the Gd-EOB scoring (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001\/OR:22.15 (R#1) and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001\/OR:99.12 (R#2). The lesion-to-liver ratio differed significantly between FNH and HCA in the PV phase and HBP (PV: 132.9 (FNH) and 110.2 (HCA), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.048 and HBP: 110.3 (FNH) and 39.2 (HCA), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001)), while the difference was not significant in arterial and transitional contrast phases (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Even in HBP-enhancing HCA, characterization of Gd-EOB uptake was found to provide the strongest discriminatory power in differentiating HCA from FNH. Furthermore, a lobulated appearance and a central scar are more frequently seen in FNH than in HCA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-021-00552-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T15:38:19Z","timestamp":1613576299000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["HBP-enhancing hepatocellular adenomas and how to discriminate them from FNH in Gd-EOB MRI"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Timo Alexander","family":"Auer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thula","family":"Walter-Rittel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Geisel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenzel","family":"Sch\u00f6ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Schmelzle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Sinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timm","family":"Denecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Hamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uli","family":"Fehrenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"552_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1159\/000268407","volume":"27","author":"JW van den Esschert","year":"2010","unstructured":"van den Esschert JW, van Gulik TM, Phoa SS. 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The study protocol conforms to the ethical guidelines of the 2002 Declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors red the manuscript and agreed for publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"28"}}