{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:44:40Z","timestamp":1777527880048,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.81472322,81872435,81672930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.81472322,81872435,81672930"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JQ2019H003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JQ2019H003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LC201437\/H1617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LC201437\/H1617"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010031","name":"Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.2015T80369,No.2014M560271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2015T80369,No.2014M560271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010031","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010009","name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.LBH-Z14142,LBH-Z16153,LBH-TZ1615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.LBH-Z14142,LBH-Z16153,LBH-TZ1615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010261","name":"Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.151037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.151037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The objective of this study was to analyze the accuracy of gadolinium\u2013ethoxybenzyl\u2013diethylenetriamine penta\u2013acetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd\u2013EOB\u2013DTPA\u2013MRI)\u00a0for predicting microvascular invasion (MVI) in patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma (sHCC) preoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 60 sHCC patients performed with preoperative Gd\u2013EOB\u2013DTPA\u2013MRI\u00a0in the Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital from October 2018 to October 2019\u00a0were involved in the study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by chi\u2013square test and logistic regression analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of Gd\u2013EOB\u2013DTPA\u2013MRI were performed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Univariate analysis indicated that alanine aminotransferase (\u2265\u200939.00U\/L), poorly differentiated pathology, and imaging features including grim enhancement, capsule enhancement, arterial halo sign and hepatobiliary features (tumor highly uptake, halo sign, spicule sign and brush sign) were associated with the occurrence of MVI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\u00a0Multivariate analysis revealed that rim enhancement and hepatobiliary spicule sign were independent predictors of MVI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The area under the ROC curve was 0.917 (95% confidence interval 0.838\u20130.996), and the sensitivity was 94.74%.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The morphologies of hepatobiliary phase imaging, especially the spicule sign, showed high accuracy in diagnosing MVI of sHCC. Rim enhancement\u00a0played\u00a0a significant role in diagnosing MVI of sHCC.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-021-00572-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T08:03:33Z","timestamp":1614931413000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Value of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI\u00a0for microvascular invasion of small hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunhui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanqiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7539-3924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tongsen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"572_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.01.033","volume":"154","author":"J Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu J, Yang S, Xu K, Ding C, Zhou Y, Fu X, et al. Patterns and trends of liver cancer incidence rates in Eastern and Southeastern Asian countries (1983\u20132007) and predictions to 2030. Gastroenterology. 2018;154(6):1719-28.e5.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"15","key":"572_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1713263","volume":"380","author":"A Villanueva","year":"2019","unstructured":"Villanueva A. Hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(15):1450\u201362.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"572_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05174.x","volume":"36","author":"F Kanwal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kanwal F, Befeler A, Chari RS, Marrero J, Kahn J, Afdhal N, et al. Potentially curative treatment in patients with hepatocellular cancer\u2013results from the liver cancer research network. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;36(3):257\u201365.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"64","key":"572_CR4","first-page":"1163","volume":"52","author":"S Fukuda","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fukuda S, Itamoto T, Nakahara H, Kohashi T, Ohdan H, Hino H, et al. Clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors of resected solitary small-sized hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepato Gastroenterol. 2005;52(64):1163\u20137.","journal-title":"Hepato Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"6","key":"572_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-010-2030-1","volume":"21","author":"R Golfieri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Golfieri R, Renzulli M, Lucidi V, Corcioni B, Trevisani F, Bolondi L. Contribution of the hepatobiliary phase of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI to dynamic MRI in the detection of hypovascular small (<\/= 2 cm) HCC in cirrhosis. Eur Radiol. 2011;21(6):1233\u201342.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14140690","volume":"275","author":"YJ Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee YJ, Lee JM, Lee JS, Lee HY, Park BH, Kim YH, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: diagnostic performance of multidetector CT and MR imaging-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiology. 2015;275(1):97\u2013109.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"572_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.04.024","volume":"67","author":"S Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee S, Kim SH, Lee JE, Sinn DH, Park CK. Preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for predicting microvascular invasion in patients with single hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2017;67(3):526\u201334.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"572_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-019-02126-9","volume":"44","author":"F Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu F, Yang F, Li J, Chen W, Yang W. Incomplete tumor capsule on preoperative imaging reveals microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Abdom Radiol (New York). 2019;44(9):3049\u201357.","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (New York)"},{"issue":"5","key":"572_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0197488","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197488","volume":"13","author":"W Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao W, Liu W, Liu H, Yi X, Hou J, Pei Y, et al. Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma with IVIM diffusion-weighted MR imaging and Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(5):e0197488.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"572_CR10","first-page":"9674565","volume":"2018","author":"M Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang M, Liao B, Xu P, Cai H, Huang K, Dong Z, et al. Prediction of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma: preoperative Gd-EOB-DTPA-dynamic enhanced MRI and histopathological correlation. Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2018;2018:9674565.","journal-title":"Contrast Media Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"11","key":"572_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-016-1320-x","volume":"46","author":"TH Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu TH, Hatano E, Yamanaka K, Seo S, Taura K, Yasuchika K, et al. A non-smooth tumor margin on preoperative imaging predicts microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Surg Today. 2016;46(11):1275\u201381.","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"issue":"3","key":"572_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/1724600819874487","volume":"34","author":"F Zeng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zeng F, Chen B, Zeng J, Wang Z, Xiao L, Deng G. Preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts the risk of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers. 2019;34(3):213\u201320.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Markers"},{"issue":"4","key":"572_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.19.21168","volume":"213","author":"J Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen J, Zhou J, Kuang S, Zhang Y, Xie S, He B, et al. Liver imaging reporting and data system category 5: MRI predictors of microvascular invasion and recurrence after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2019;213(4):821\u201330.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"572_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-019-04134-y","volume":"23","author":"T Ryu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ryu T, Takami Y, Wada Y, Tateishi M, Hara T, Yoshitomi M, et al. A clinical scoring system for predicting microvascular invasion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma within the milan criteria. J Gastrointest Surg. 2019;23(4):779\u201387.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"572_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-017-0949-7","volume":"34","author":"A Reginelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reginelli A, Vanzulli A, Sgrazzutti C, Caschera L, Serra N, Raucci A, et al. Vascular microinvasion from hepatocellular carcinoma: CT findings and pathologic correlation for the best therapeutic strategies. Med Oncol. 2017;34(5):93.","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"572_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.04.024","volume":"67","author":"S Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee S, Kim SH, Lee JE, Sinn DH, Park CK. Preoperative gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for predicting microvascular invasion in patients with single hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2017;67(3):526\u201334.","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"issue":"10","key":"572_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06088-w","volume":"29","author":"Y Wei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wei Y, Huang Z, Tang H, Deng L, Yuan Y, Li J, Song B. IVIM improves preoperative assessment of microvascular invasion in HCC. Eur Radiol. 2019;29(10):5403\u201314.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"572_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-124661","volume":"38","author":"F Piscaglia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Piscaglia F, Wilson SR, Lyshchik A, Cosgrove D, Dietrich CF, Jang HJ, et al. American college of radiology contrast enhanced ultrasound liver imaging reporting and data system (CEUS LI-RADS) for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a pictorial essay. Ultraschall in der Medizin. 2017;38(3):320\u20134.","journal-title":"Ultraschall in der Medizin."},{"issue":"3","key":"572_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.189.3.8234716","volume":"189","author":"H Honda","year":"1993","unstructured":"Honda H, Ochiai K, Adachi E, Yasumori K, Hayashi T, Kawashima A, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: correlation of CT, angiographic, and histopathologic findings. Radiology. 1993;189(3):857\u201362.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"572_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2478\/raon-2018-0044","volume":"52","author":"N Horvat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Horvat N, Monti S, Oliveira BC, Rocha CCT, Giancipoli RG, Mannelli L. State of the art in magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiol Oncol. 2018;52(4):353\u201364.","journal-title":"Radiol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26768","volume":"51","author":"SS Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim SS, Kim SH, Song KD, Choi SY, Heo NH. Value of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging in the differentiation of hypervascular hyperplastic nodule from small (<3 cm) hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a retrospective case-control study. J Mag Resonan Imaging JMRI. 2020;51(1):70\u201380.","journal-title":"J Mag Resonan Imaging JMRI"},{"key":"572_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2016.10.004","volume":"41","author":"C Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang C, Wang H, Sheng R, Ji Y, Rao S, Zeng MJCI. Microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma: is it predictable with a new, preoperative application of diffusion-weighted imaging? Clin Imaging. 2017;41:101\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2016.17.1.7","volume":"17","author":"JH Yoon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yoon JH, Park JW, Lee JM. Noninvasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: elaboration on Korean liver cancer study group-national cancer center Korea practice guidelines compared with other guidelines and remaining issues. Korean J Radiol. 2016;17(1):7\u201324.","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"572_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13120775","volume":"267","author":"C Jw","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jw C, Jm L, Sj K, Jh Y, Jh B, Jk H, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: imaging patterns on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR Images and their value as an imaging biomarker. Radiology. 2013;267(3):776\u201386.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"572_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10092214","volume":"256","author":"A Kitao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kitao A, Zen Y, Matsui O, Gabata T, Kobayashi S, Koda W, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: signal intensity at gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR Imaging\u2013correlation with molecular transporters and histopathologic features. Radiology. 2010;256(3):817\u201326.","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"issue":"6","key":"572_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1159\/000439101","volume":"33","author":"M Kudo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kudo M, Kitano M, Sakurai T, Nishida N. General rules for the clinical and pathological study of primary liver cancer, nationwide follow-up survey and clinical practice guidelines: the outstanding achievements of the liver cancer study group of Japan. Digest Dis (Basel Swit). 2015;33(6):765\u201370.","journal-title":"Digest Dis (Basel Swit)"},{"issue":"2","key":"572_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.2.420","volume":"86","author":"PE Shrout","year":"1979","unstructured":"Shrout PE, Fleiss JL. Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull. 1979;86(2):420.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-020-01996-4","volume":"18","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X, Wang X, Zhao D, Sun J, Liu J, Lin D, et al. Application of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol. 2020;18(1):219.","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"572_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-019-06458-4","volume":"30","author":"S Semaan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Semaan S, Vietti Violi N, Lewis S, Chatterji M, Song C, Besa C, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma detection in liver cirrhosis: diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced CT vs. MRI with extracellular contrast vs. gadoxetic acid. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(2):1020\u201330.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15375","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15491-6","volume":"7","author":"H Hu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hu H, Zheng Q, Huang Y, Huang XW, Lai ZC, Liu J, et al. A non-smooth tumor margin on preoperative imaging assesses microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):15375.","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"572_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12358","volume":"29","author":"P Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu P, Zeng M, Liu K, Shan Y, Xu C, Lin J. Microvascular invasion in small hepatocellular carcinoma: is it predictable with preoperative diffusion-weighted imaging? J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;29(2):330\u20136.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"572_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.11.014","volume":"81","author":"MJ Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim MJ, Lee M, Choi JY, Park YN. Imaging features of small hepatocellular carcinomas with microvascular invasion on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging. Eur J Radiol. 2012;81(10):2507\u201312.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"572_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang M, Liao B, Xu P, Cai H, Huang K, Dong Z, Feng ST. et al. Prediction of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma: preoperative Gd-EOB-DTPA-dynamic enhanced MRI and histopathological correlation. Contrast Med Mol Imaging. 2018;2018:9674565.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9674565"},{"issue":"7","key":"572_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1331-8","volume":"19","author":"H Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim H, Park MS, Choi JY, Park YN, Kim MJ, Kim KS, et al. Can microvessel invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma be predicted by pre-operative MRI? Eur Radiol. 2009;19(7):1744\u201351.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"572_CR35","first-page":"647","volume":"26","author":"X Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang X, Yan HH, Lin JT, Wu ZH, Liu J, Cao XW, et al. Comparison of three mathematical prediction models in patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule. Chin J Cancer Res. 2014;26(6):647\u201352.","journal-title":"Chin J Cancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"572_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3528","volume":"12","author":"Z Shi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shi Z, Wang Y, He X. Differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules with dual-source spiral computed tomography. Exp Therapeut Med. 2016;12(3):1750\u20134.","journal-title":"Exp Therapeut Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"572_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1159\/000367750","volume":"5","author":"I Joo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Joo I, Lee JM. Recent advances in the imaging diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: value of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI. Liver Cancer. 2016;5(1):67\u201387.","journal-title":"Liver Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"572_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13120775","volume":"267","author":"JW Choi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Choi JW, Lee JM, Kim SJ, Yoon JH, Baek JH, Han JK, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: imaging patterns on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR Images and their value as an imaging biomarker. Radiology. 2013;267(3):776\u201386.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"572_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4648","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5935-8","volume":"29","author":"ST Feng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feng ST, Jia Y, Liao B, Huang B, Zhou Q, Li X, et al. Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular cancer: a radiomics model using Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI. Eur Radiol. 2019;29(9):4648\u201359.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"572_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2019.0538","volume":"21","author":"DI Cha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cha DI, Jang KM, Kim SH, Kim YK, Kim H, Ahn SH. Preoperative prediction for early recurrence can be as accurate as postoperative assessment in single hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Korean J Radiol. 2020;21(4):402\u201312.","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"572_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22876","volume":"35","author":"KA Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim KA, Kim MJ, Jeon HM, Kim KS, Choi JS, Ahn SH, et al. Prediction of microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma: usefulness of peritumoral hypointensity seen on gadoxetate disodium-enhanced hepatobiliary phase images. J Magnet Resonan Imaging JMRI. 2012;35(3):629\u201334.","journal-title":"J Magnet Resonan Imaging JMRI"},{"issue":"4","key":"572_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-014-0256-0","volume":"40","author":"SY Ahn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahn SY, Lee JM, Joo I, Lee ES, Lee SJ, Cheon GJ, et al. Prediction of microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR and (18)F-FDG PET\/CT. Abdom Imaging. 2015;40(4):843\u201351.","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-021-00572-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12880-021-00572-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-021-00572-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T08:04:34Z","timestamp":1614931474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12880-021-00572-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-021-00572-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Review Board of Harbin Medical University.The requirement of informed consent from the patients was waived because of the retrospective design of this study, and patients\u2032 information was protected. And the study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"40"}}