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FMRI examination along with neuropsychological testing might strengthen the diagnosis. We hypothesized that ADHD-adults with and without medication would show different fMRI pattern compared to healthy controls while testing tasks of motor inhibition and cognitive switching.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>45 subjects in three age-matched groups: (1) controls, (2) ADHD-adults under medication (ADHD+) and (3) medication-na\u00efve adults with ADHD (ADHD\u2212) underwent fMRI and neuropsychological testing. Group analysis and population-based statistics were performed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>DTVP-A, intellectual ability as well as attention capability, visual-perceptual and visual-motor abilities showed no significant differences between the groups. However, fMRI revealed statistically significant differences between the ADHD+, ADHD\u2212 and control groups on tasks of motor inhibition and cognitive switching on adults in bilateral fronto-striatal brain regions, inferior fronto-frontal, fronto-cingulate and fronto-parietal networks as well as in the parietal lobe (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>fMRI offers the potential to differentiate between the ADHD+, ADHD\u2212 and control groups. FMRI possibly opens a new window for monitoring the therapeutic effect of ADHD medication.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>NCT02578342, registered at August 2015 to clinical trial registry (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/ichgcp.net\/clinical-trials-registry\/NCT02578342\">https:\/\/ichgcp.net\/clinical-trials-registry\/NCT02578342<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-021-00579-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T10:18:12Z","timestamp":1616149092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Brain activation patterns in medicated versus medication-na\u00efve adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder during fMRI tasks of motor inhibition and cognitive switching"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6551-8308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jatta","family":"Berberat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Huggenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Montali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Achmed","family":"Pircher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karl-Olof","family":"L\u00f6vblad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hanspeter E.","family":"Killer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Remonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"579_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3743","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0519-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"AR Aron","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aron AR, Behrens TE, Smith S, Frank MJ, Poldrack RA. 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