{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T11:50:46Z","timestamp":1774871446747,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644192000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81501468"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81501468"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The diagnosis of patients with Birt\u2013Hogg\u2013Dub\u00e9 (BHD) syndrome is always delayed (even for more than 10\u00a0years). Improving the understanding and diagnosis of this disease is vital for clinicians and radiologists. In this study we presented the chest computed tomography (CT) findings of BHD syndrome and offered suggestions for BHD cases with spontaneous pneumothorax.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Twenty-six BHD patients from 11 families (10 men, 16 women; mean age: 46\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u00a0years, 20\u201368\u00a0years) were included. The clinical features of the patients included pneumothorax, renal lesions, and skin lesions. Twenty-three patients underwent chest CT imaging. The cyst condition of each patient derived from reconstructed chest CT imaging was recorded, including the cyst number, size, volume, pattern, and distribution.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Pneumothorax occurred in 54% (14\/26) of patients. Among them, 43% (6\/14) had pneumothorax more than twice. However, typical skin and renal lesions were absent. Four patients had renal hamartoma. CT showed that 23 (100%) patients had lung cysts. Pulmonary cysts were bilateral and multiple, round, irregular, or willow-like. And 93.6% of the large cysts (long-axis diameter\u2009\u2265\u200920\u00a0mm) were under the pleura, and near the mediastinum and spine. The long-axis diameter, short-axis diameter and volume of the largest cysts were associated with the occurrence of pneumothorax (all P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Chest CT imaging can reveal some characteristic features of BHD syndrome. The occurrence of pneumothorax in BHD patients is closely related to their pulmonary cystic lesions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-022-00743-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T03:02:26Z","timestamp":1644202946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Correlative analysis of lung CT findings in patients with Birt\u2013Hogg\u2013Dub\u00e9 Syndrome and the occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax: a preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jinjing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guofeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaqiong","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"743_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1159\/000135932","volume":"76","author":"M Noppen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Noppen M, De Keukeleire T. Pneumothorax. Respiration. 2008;76:121\u20137.","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"743_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200610-1483OC","volume":"175","author":"JR Toro","year":"2007","unstructured":"Toro JR, Pautler SE, Stewart L, et al. Lung cysts, spontaneous pneumothorax, and genetic associations in 89 families with Birt\u2013Hogg\u2013Dub\u00e9 syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175:1044\u201353.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"743_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200212000-00002","volume":"26","author":"CP Pavlovich","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pavlovich CP, Walther MM, Eyler RA, et al. Renal tumors in the Birt\u2013Hogg\u2013Dub\u00e9 syndrome. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26:1542\u201352.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"743_CR4","first-page":"393","volume":"11","author":"B Zbar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zbar B, Alvord WG, Glenn G, et al. 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The study protocol conforms to the ethical guidelines of the 2002 Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"22"}}