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Given the extreme rarity of the disease, the imaging features of BAF are unclear. We presented a case of malignant BAF and conducted a systematic literature review. We highlighted the key imaging features in the diagnosis and aggressiveness assessment of BAF, as well as the role of various imaging modalities in evaluating BAF.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We reported a 64-year-old woman with a 5-months history of pain in the right upper quadrant abdomen. US of the liver showed a hypoechoic subcapsular nodule. CT scan revealed a subcapsular solid-cystic mass in segment V of the liver. The mass showed a marked enhancement in the arterial phase followed by wash-out in the venous phase. The patient underwent partial resection of liver\u2019s right lobe. The mass was diagnosed as BAF with malignant transformation by postoperative pathology.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CT and MRI are helpful in recognizing and characterizing BAF. The imaging features of BAF include a solitary, large solid-cystic mass with a well-defined margin, lobulated shape, and internal septa; subcapsular location; no intrahepatic bile duct communication; the presence of von Meyenberg complexes in background liver. The enhancement patterns may have the potential to assess the aggressiveness of BAF, and that marked enhancement in the arterial phase followed by wash-out in the venous phase is suggestive of malignant BAF.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-022-00775-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T04:38:50Z","timestamp":1647491930000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Imaging features of biliary adenofibroma of the liver with malignant transformation: a case report with literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yunsong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhengyu","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ailian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"775_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsui WM, Loo KT, Chow LT, et al. 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All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The patient provided written informed consent for publication of this case report and accompanying images.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"47"}}