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hyperdivergent skeletal class II females in Guangdong compared with that of normodivergent class I groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 3dMDface system was used to capture face scans of 160 patients, including 45 normal and 35 hyperdivergent skeletal class II adolescents (aged 11\u201314\u00a0years old) and 45 normal and 35 hyperdivergent skeletal class II adults (aged 18\u201330\u00a0years old). Thirty-two soft tissue landmarks were mapped, and 21 linear, 10 angular and 17 ratio measurements were obtained by 3dMDvultus analysis software. Data were assessed with a t-test of two independent samples between the normal adolescent and adult groups and between the normal and hyperdivergent skeletal class II groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The linear measurements of the Guangdong adult females were larger than those of the adolescents in both Class I and Class II groups. However, the angular and ratio measurements had no significant difference. The vertical linear measurements were higher and the sagittal and transverse linear measurements were smaller in the hyperdivergent class II group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The soft tissue ANB angle, chin-lip angle, and mandibular angle were significantly larger and the soft tissue facial convexity angle and nasal convexity angle were significantly smaller in the hyperdivergent class II group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Additionally, there were significant differences in the ratio measurements between the hyperdivergent class II groups and the control groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The three-dimensional facial morphology of Guangdong adolescent and adult females was acquired. The facial soft tissue measurements of the adults were higher in the three dimensions except for the facial convexity and proportional relationships which were similar, suggesting that the growth pattern remained the same. The three-dimensional facial soft tissue features of hyperdivergent skeletal class II were characterized by the terms \u201clong, convex, and narrow\u201d. Three-dimensional facial measurements can reflect intrinsic hard tissue characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-022-00782-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T18:04:23Z","timestamp":1648577063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Three-dimensional evaluation of soft tissues in hyperdivergent skeletal class II females in Guangdong"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xueqin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinxuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianqing","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxiang","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liyi","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"782_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12591","volume":"30","author":"M Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin M, Xie C, Yang H, Wu C, Ren A. 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All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Written informed consent to participate was obtained from each adult patient and adolescent patient\u2019s parent and\/or legal guardian.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for publication were obtained from the adult patients and parents of the adolescent patients.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"56"}}