{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T07:34:42Z","timestamp":1771918482826,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced CT (CECT)-derived imaging features in predicting lymphovascular invasion (LVI) status in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>One hundred and ninety-seven patients with postoperative pathologically confirmed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated in our hospital between January 2017 and January 2019 were enrolled in our study, including fifty-nine patients with LVI and one\u00a0hundred\u00a0and\u00a0thirty-eight\u00a0patients without LVI. The CECT-derived imaging features of all patients were analyzed. The CECT-derived imaging features were divided into quantitative\u00a0features and\u00a0qualitative features. The quantitative features\u00a0consisted of the CT attenuation value of the tumor (CTV<jats:sub>Tumor<\/jats:sub>), the CT attenuation value of the normal esophageal wall (CTV<jats:sub>Normal<\/jats:sub>), the CT attenuation value ratio of the tumor-to-normal esophageal wall (TNR), the CT attenuation value difference between the tumor and normal esophageal wall (\u0394TN), the maximum\u00a0thickness of the tumor measured by CECT (Thickness), the maximum length of the tumor measured by CECT (Length), and the gross tumor volume measured by CECT (GTV). The qualitative\u00a0features consisted of an enhancement pattern, tumor margin, enlarged blood supply or drainage vessels to the tumor (EVFDT), and tumor necrosis. For the clinicopathological characteristics and CECT-derived imaging feature analysis, the chi-squared test was used for categorical variables, the Mann\u2013Whitney U test was used for continuous variables with a nonnormal distribution, and the independent sample t-test was used for the continuous variables with a normal distribution. The trend test was used for ordinal variables. The association between LVI status and CECT-derived imaging features was analyzed by univariable logistic analysis, followed by multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The CTV<jats:sub>Tumor<\/jats:sub>, TNR, \u0394TN, Thickness, Length, and GTV in the group with LVI were higher than those in the group without LVI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). A higher proportion of patients with heterogeneous enhancement pattern, irregular tumor margin, EVFDT, and tumor necrosis were present in the group with LVI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). As revealed by the univariable logistic analysis, the CECT-derived imaging features, including CTV<jats:sub>Tumor<\/jats:sub>, TNR, \u0394TN and enhancement pattern, Thickness, Length, GTV, tumor margin, EVFDT, and tumor necrosis were associated with LVI status (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Only the TNR (OR 8.655; 95% CI 2.125\u201337.776), Thickness (OR 6.531; 95% CI 2.410\u201320.608), and tumor margin (OR 4.384; 95% CI 2.004\u20139.717) were independent risk factors for LVI in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. The ROC curve analysis incorporating the above three CECT-derived imaging features showed that the area under the curve obtained by the multivariable logistic regression model was 0.820 (95% CI 0.754\u20130.885).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The CECT-derived imaging features, including TNR, Thickness, tumor margin, and their combination, can be used as predictors of LVI status for patients with ESCC.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-022-00804-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T18:03:22Z","timestamp":1652810602000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Can lymphovascular invasion be predicted by\u00a0contrast-enhanced CT imaging features in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma? 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The Ethics Committee of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University approved this retrospective single institution study and waived the requirement for informed consent (Approval Number: 2020KY389).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"93"}}