{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T10:41:37Z","timestamp":1775644897114,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651449600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to determine the clinical value of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of high inadequate risky thyroid nodules.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>During April 2018 and April 2021, consecutive 3748 thyroid nodules underwent FNA were retrospectively analyzed. CEUS guided FNA (CEUS-FNA) was applied in 115 nodules with high inadequate risk in Lingnan Campus. Ten nodules underwent CEUS-FNA presented non-enhancing, and would be further analyzed independently. Other 105 partial or total enhancing nodules were included as CEUS-FNA group, and 210 nodules with high inadequate risk in Tianhe Campus were match as the US-FNA control group. FNA specimens were collected for liquid-based preparation. Cytological results were classified following the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall FNA specimen inadequate rate in our center was 6.6%. All of the ten non-enhancing nodules under CEUS have an inadequate result in cytopathological analyzes. The subsequent postoperative pathology and follow-up ultrasonography showed the non-enhancing nodules were benign or stable without further malignant features. Total specimen inadequate rate of high inadequate risk thyroid nodules in CEUS-FNA group was significantly lower than US-FNA group (6.7% vs. 16.7%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014). Further stratified analyzed shown that FNA under US guidance, the inadequate rates in cystic, predominantly cystic, predominantly solid and solid sub-groups were 28.1%, 17.1%, 10.0% and 9.2% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019). In contrast, the inadequate rates in cystic, predominantly cystic, predominantly solid and solid sub-groups were 7.4%, 6.7%, 5.6% and 6.7% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.996) in CEUS-FNA group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CEUS can improve the specimen adequacy of FNA in high inadequate risk thyroid nodules by avoiding unnecessary FNAs of the non-enhancing nodules, and accurately locating the viable tissue and precise guidance in real-time. CEUS is a recommend modality for FNA guidance of high inadequate risk thyroid nodules.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-022-00805-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T18:02:42Z","timestamp":1651514562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Contrast-enhanced ultrasound improves the potency of fine-needle aspiration in thyroid nodules with high inadequate risk"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Tinghui","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yufan","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shicheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"805_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1604412","volume":"375","author":"S Vaccarella","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vaccarella S, Franceschi S, Bray F, et al. 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