{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T14:43:59Z","timestamp":1764859439093},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653350400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an essential technique for optic nerve diseases. However, the image quality of optic nerve DWI is decreased by the distortions and artifacts associated with conventional techniques. In order to establish this method as a critical tool in optic nerve diseases, reproducibility and feasibility of new technical and conventional approaches of DWI need to be systematically investigated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>DWIs were acquired using ss-EPI, readout-segmented EPI (rs-EPI) DWI, and reduced field-of-view (rFOV) DWI. 26 volunteers (mean age 31.2\u00a0years) underwent repeated MRI examinations in order to assess scan\u2013rescan reproducibility and accuracy. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values (three ROIs were measured on each side) were determined to evaluate the reproducibility of each sequence and the differences between the three techniques. To quantify the geometric distortion artifacts, the length of optic nerve and the maximum angle of optic nerve were defined and compared to T2-weighted imaging. In addition, two readers evaluated four different aspects of image quality on 5-point Likert scales.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>rs-EPI DWI (ICCs: 0.916, 0.797 and 0.781) and rFOV DWI (ICCs: 0.850, 0.595 and 0.750) showed higher reproducibility (ICCs: ROI<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, ROI<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and ROI<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) of mean ADC value in all three ROIs than ss-EPI DWI (ICCs: 0.810, 0.442 and 0.379). The quantitative analysis of geometric distortion yielded a higher agreement of both rs-EPI DWI and rFOV DWI with T2-weighted imaging than ss-EPI. rs-EPI DWI (2.38\u2009\u00b1\u20090.90) and rFOV DWI (2.46\u2009\u00b1\u20090.58) were superior to ss-EPI DWI (1.58\u2009\u00b1\u20090.64) with respect to overall image quality and other aspects of image quality, each with <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05. The mean ADC values of rFOV DWI were significantly lower than those of rs-EPI DWI and ss-EPI DWI in all three ROIs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Both rs-EPI DWI and rFOV-EPI DWI are suitable techniques for the assessment of diffusion restriction and provide significantly improved image quality compared with ss-EPI DWI. For methods using the same acquisition time, rFOV DWI is superior to ss-EPI DWI, while rs-EPI showed an overall superiority, although this technique took 47% longer to perform.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-022-00814-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T03:57:58Z","timestamp":1653364678000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Reproducibility and feasibility of optic nerve diffusion MRI techniques: single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI), readout-segmented EPI, and reduced field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Fanglu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hongli","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Silin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Benkert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"814_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90002-X","volume":"341","author":"A Abiose","year":"1993","unstructured":"Abiose A, et al. Reduction in incidence of optic nerve disease with annual ivermectin to control onchocerciasis. Lancet. 1993;341:130\u20134.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"814_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-4114-4","volume":"26","author":"M Onodera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Onodera M, Yama N, Hashimoto M, et al. The signal intensity ratio of the optic nerve to ipsilateral frontal white matter is of value in the diagnosis of acute optic neuritis. Eur Radiol. 2016;26(8):2640\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"814_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-013-0234-x","volume":"24","author":"Z Fatima","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fatima Z, Ichikawa T, Ishigame K, et al. Orbital masses: the usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging in lesion categorization. Clin Neuroradiol. 2013;24(2):129\u201334.","journal-title":"Clin Neuroradiol"},{"key":"814_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4290","volume":"36","author":"UK Bodanapally","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bodanapally UK, Shanmuganathan K, Shin RK, et al. Hyperintense optic nerve due to diffusion restriction: diffusion-weighted imaging in traumatic optic neuropathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015;36:333\u201348.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"814_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00301","volume":"11","author":"M Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang M, Zhao J, Song H, et al. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging may contribute to the diagnosis of optic nerve lymphoma. Front Neurol. 2020;11:301.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"814_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24367","volume":"40","author":"A Korn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Korn A, Heine C, Bischof F, et al. Diffusion restriction of the optic nerve in patients with acute visual deficit. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2014;40(2):334\u201340.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"814_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carj.2011.08.006","volume":"64","author":"Z Fatima","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fatima Z, Motosugi U, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging in optic neuritis. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2013;64:51\u20135.","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"key":"814_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-015-0443-8","volume":"7","author":"BS Purohit","year":"2016","unstructured":"Purohit BS, Vargas MI, Ailianou A, et al. Orbital tumours and tumour-like lesions: exploring the armamentarium of multiparametric imaging. Insights Imaging. 2016;7:43\u201368.","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"814_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26302","volume":"77","author":"N Sapkota","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sapkota N, Shi X, et al. Two-dimensional single-shot diffusion-weighted stimulated EPI with reduced FOV for ultrahigh-b radial diffusion-weighted imaging of spinal cord. Magn Reson Med. 2017;77:2167\u201373.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"814_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-014-0342-2","volume":"26","author":"A Seeger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seeger A, Klose U, Bischof F, et al. Zoomed EPI DWI of acute spinal ischemia using a parallel transmission system. Clin Neuroradiol. 2016;26(2):177\u201382.","journal-title":"Clin Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"814_CR11","first-page":"1","volume":"43","author":"L Mannelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mannelli L, Monti S, Corrias G, et al. Comparison of navigator triggering reduced field of view and large field of view diffusion-weighted imaging of the pancreas. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2018;43(1):1.","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"5","key":"814_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2016.02.020","volume":"85","author":"C Brendle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brendle C, Martirosian P, Schwenzer NF, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging in the assessment of prostate cancer: comparison of zoomed imaging and conventional technique. Eur J Radiol. 2016;85(5):893\u2013900.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"814_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3347-y","volume":"24","author":"KM Thierfelder","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thierfelder KM, Scherr MK, Notohamiprodjo M, et al. Diffusion-weighted MRI of the prostate: advantages of Zoomed EPI with parallel-transmit-accelerated 2D-selective excitation imaging. Eur Radiol. 2014;24(12):3233\u201341.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"814_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2013.12.001","volume":"14","author":"H Dong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dong H, Li Y, Li H, et al. Study of the reduced field-of-view diffusion-weighted imaging of the breast. Clin Breast Cancer. 2014;14(4):265\u201371.","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"key":"814_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185118813599","volume":"60","author":"M-H Song","year":"2018","unstructured":"Song M-H, Jin Y-F, et al. Application of whole-lesion intravoxel incoherent motion analysis using iZOOM DWI to differentiate malignant from benign thyroid nodules. Acta Radiol. 2018;60:1127\u201334.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"814_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-018-2058-5","volume":"60","author":"T Yuan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yuan T, Wang J, et al. Comparison of field-of-view optimized and constrained undistorted single-shot diffusion-weighted imaging and conventional diffusion-weighted imaging of optic nerve and chiasma at 3T. Neuroradiology. 2018;60(9):903\u201312.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"814_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2015.03.004","volume":"39","author":"Z Feng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feng Z, Min X, Sah VK, et al. Comparison of field-of-view (FOV) optimized and constrained undistorted single shot (FOCUS) with conventional DWI for the evaluation of prostate cancer. Clin Imaging. 2015;39:851\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"814_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1177\/1971400918757711","volume":"31","author":"A Seeger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seeger A, Schulze M, Schuettauf F, et al. Advanced diffusion-weighted imaging in patients with optic neuritis deficit\u2014value of reduced field of view DWI and readout-segmented DWI. Neuroradiol J. 2018;31:126\u201332.","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"key":"814_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25026","volume":"43","author":"Y Sha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sha Y, Tian G, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging using readout-segmented echo-planar imaging, parallel imaging, and two-dimensional navigator-based reacquisition in detecting acute optic neuritis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2016;43:655\u201360.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"814_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26658","volume":"79","author":"P Chang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang P, Nassirpour S, Henning AJ. Modeling real shim fields for very high degree (and order) B0 shimming of the human brain at 9.4 T. Magn Reson Med. 2018;79:529\u201340.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"814_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22024","volume":"62","author":"DA Porter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Porter DA, Heidemann RM. High resolution diffusion-weighted imaging using readout-segmented echo-planar imaging, parallel imaging and a two-dimensional navigator-based reacquisition. Magn Reson Med. 2010;62(2):468\u201375.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"814_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-021-03268-5","volume":"46","author":"L Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu L, Wei L, Wang S, et al. Better lesion conspicuity translates into improved prostate cancer detection: comparison of non-parallel-transmission-zoomed-DWI with conventional-DWI. Abdom Radiol (N Y). 2021;46(12):5659\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00261-021-03268-5.","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (N Y)"},{"issue":"1","key":"814_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-014-0181-2","volume":"40","author":"AB Rosenkrantz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosenkrantz AB, Chandarana H, Pfeuffer J, et al. Zoomed echo-planar imaging using parallel transmission: impact on image quality of diffusion-weighted imaging of the prostate at 3T. Abdom Imaging. 2015;40(1):120\u20136.","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"814_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.12.047","volume":"45","author":"S Kolbe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kolbe S, Chapman C, Nguyen T, et al. Optic nerve diffusion changes and atrophy jointly predict visual dysfunction after optic neuritis. Neuroimage. 2009;45(3):679\u201386.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"7","key":"814_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000335766.22758.cd","volume":"72","author":"RT Naismith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Naismith RT, Xu J, Tutlam NT, et al. Disability in optic neuritis correlates with diffusion tensor-derived directional diffusivities. Neurology. 2009;72(7):589\u201394.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"814_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levin MH, Bennett JL, Verkman AS. Optic neuritis in neuromyelitis optica. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2013;36:159-71.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.03.001"},{"issue":"2","key":"814_CR27","first-page":"354","volume":"140","author":"SJ Hickman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hickman SJ, Wheeler-Kingshott CA, Jones SJ, et al. Optic nerve diffusion measurement from diffusion-weighted imaging in optic neuritis. Am J Neuroradiol. 2005;140(2):354\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"814_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carj.2011.08.006","volume":"64","author":"Z Fatima","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fatima Z, Motosugi U, Muhi A, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging in optic neuritis. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2012;64(1):51\u20135.","journal-title":"Can Assoc Radiol J"},{"key":"814_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwenk A, Kollias SSJEJoRE. Bilateral restricted diffusion in optic nerves as an indicator of traumatic optic neuropathy. 2007;64(3):87\u201389.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrex.2007.10.003"},{"key":"814_CR30","unstructured":"Al-Shafai LS, Mikulis DJ. Diffusion MR imaging in a case of acute ischemic optic neuropathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.\n2006;27(2):255\u20137."},{"key":"814_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Zubidi N, Stevens S, Fung SH, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Can J Ophthalmol. 2014;49(1):e21\u2013e25.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2013.11.003"},{"key":"814_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24367","volume":"40","author":"B Bender","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bender B, Heine C, et al. Diffusion restriction of the optic nerve in patients with acute visual deficit. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013;40:334\u201340.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"814_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-013-1140-4","volume":"113","author":"KW Yeom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yeom KW, Lober RM, Andre JB, et al. Prognostic role for diffusion-weighted imaging of pediatric optic pathway glioma. J Neurooncol. 2013;113(3):479\u201383.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"supp-S1","key":"814_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(01)00490-7","volume":"186","author":"GJ Barker","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barker GJ. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the spinal cord and optic nerve. J Neurol Sci. 2001;186(supp-S1):S45\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"814_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2016.03.002","volume":"40","author":"XQ Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu XQ, Liu J, Hu H, et al. Improve the image quality of orbital 3 T diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with readout-segmented echo-planar imaging. Clin Imaging. 2016;40(4):793\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"814_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22024","volume":"62","author":"DA Porter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Porter DA, et al. High resolution diffusion-weighted imaging using readout-segmented echo-planar imaging, parallel imaging and a two-dimensional navigator-based reacquisition. Magn Reson Med. 2009;62:468\u201375.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"814_CR37","first-page":"16","volume":"510","author":"J Cohen-Adad","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cohen-Adad J. High-resolution DWI in brain and spinal cord with syngo RESOLVE1. Siemens Magnetom-Clin Neurol. 2012;510:16\u201323.","journal-title":"Siemens Magnetom-Clin Neurol"},{"key":"814_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185118806666","volume":"60","author":"A Seeger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seeger A, Batra M, S\u00fcsskind D, et al. Assessment of uveal melanomas using advanced diffusion-weighted imaging techniques: value of reduced field of view DWI (\u201czoomed DWI\u201d) and readout-segmented DWI (RESOLVE). Acta Radiol. 2018;60:977\u201384.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-022-00814-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12880-022-00814-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-022-00814-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T04:00:51Z","timestamp":1653364851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12880-022-00814-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["814"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-022-00814-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Ethics Number: 2020-085), Chongqing, China. All procedures performed in the studies involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication was obtained from all individual participants whose individual person\u2019s data was contained in this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"96"}}