{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:46:17Z","timestamp":1782837977263,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071923"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To investigate sonographic features of cervical lymph node metastases from medullary thyroid cancer (LNM-MTC), as compared with lymph node metastases from papillary thyroid cancer (LNM-PTC).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 42 MTC patients with 52 metastatic LNs and 222 PTC patients with 234 metastatic LNs who were confirmed by fine needle aspiration and post-operative pathology, were enrolled in this study. The clinical characteristics and sonographic features of LNs were compared between the two groups. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed on the sonographic features of LNs, including short and long-axis diameter, long-axis diameter\/short-axis, shape, border, hilum, echogenicity, calcifications, cystic change and vascularity pattern. The discriminating performance was assessed with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The mean age of patients with LNM-MTC was older than that of patients with LNM-PTC (46.81\u2009\u00b1\u200913.05 vs 39.09\u2009\u00b1\u200912.05, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No differences were observed in gender, location, long-axis diameter\/short-axis, shape, border, echogenicity, cystic change and vascularity pattern between LNM-MTC and LNM-PTC groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05, for all). However, long-axis and short-axis diameter, hilum and calcifications were statistically different between these two groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, for all). The AUC of discriminate value between LNM-MTC and LNM-PTC was 0.808 (95% confidence interval 0.739\u20130.877).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Compared with LNM-PTC, LNM-MTC tended to have the sonographic characteristics of larger size, absence of hilum, and less calcifications, and awareness of these features might be helpful to in the diagnosis of LNM-MTC.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-022-00882-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T10:03:39Z","timestamp":1661767419000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ultrasonographic features of cervical lymph node metastases from medullary thyroid cancer: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shangyan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"882_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-020-00444-9","volume":"20","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X, Zhou W, Zhan W. Clinical and ultrasonographic features of medullary thyroid microcarcinomas compared with papillary thyroid microcarcinomas: a retrospective analysis. BMC Med Imaging. 2020;20:49.","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"882_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3747\/co.26.5539","volume":"26","author":"CM Thomas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thomas CM, Asa SL, Ezzat S, Sawka AM, Goldstein D. Diagnosis and pathologic characteristics of medullary thyroid carcinoma-review of current guidelines. Curr Oncol. 2019;26:338\u201344.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"882_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-4102-y","volume":"22","author":"KJ Rowland","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rowland KJ, Jin LX, Moley JF. Biochemical cure after reoperations for medullary thyroid carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22:96\u2013102.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"882_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2019.01.006","volume":"112","author":"H Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao H, Li H. Meta-analysis of ultrasound for cervical lymph nodes in papillary thyroid cancer: Diagnosis of central and lateral compartment nodal metastases. Eur J Radiol. 2019;112:14\u201321.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"882_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.04.028","volume":"81","author":"LM Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu LM, Gu HY, Qu XH, Zheng J, Zhang W, Yin Y, et al. The accuracy of ultrasonography in the preoperative diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol. 2012;81:1798\u2013805.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"882_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1159\/000354537","volume":"2","author":"L Leenhardt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leenhardt L, Erdogan MF, Hegedus L, Mandel SJ, Paschke R, Rago T, et al. 2013 European thyroid association guidelines for cervical ultrasound scan and ultrasound-guided techniques in the postoperative management of patients with thyroid cancer. Eur Thyroid J. 2013;2:147\u201359.","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"882_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.15.15381","volume":"206","author":"KH Ryu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ryu KH, Lee KH, Ryu J, Baek HJ, Kim SJ, Jung HK, et al. Cervical lymph node imaging reporting and data system for ultrasound of cervical lymphadenopathy: a pilot study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2016;206:1286\u201391.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"882_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109103","volume":"129","author":"Z Xing","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xing Z, Qiu Y, Yang Q, Yu Y, Liu J, Fei Y, et al. Thyroid cancer neck lymph nodes metastasis: meta-analysis of US and CT diagnosis. Eur J Radiol. 2020;129: 109103.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"882_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prativadi R, Dahiya N, Kamaya A, Bhatt S. Chapter 5 ultrasound characteristics of benign vs malignant cervical lymph nodes. In: Seminars ultrasound CT MR. 2017;38:506\u2013515.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2017.05.005"},{"key":"882_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0335","volume":"25","author":"SA Wells Jr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wells Jr SA, Asa SL, Dralle H, Elisei R, Evans DB, Gagel RF, et al. Revised American Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2015;25:567\u2013610.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"882_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2001.118380a","volume":"130","author":"T Weber","year":"2001","unstructured":"Weber T, Schilling T, Frank-Raue K, Colombo-Benkmann M, Hinz U, Ziegler R, et al. Impact of modified radical neck dissection on biochemical cure in medullary thyroid carcinomas. Surgery. 2001;130:1044\u20139.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"882_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14121","volume":"92","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li J, Li H, Yang Y, Zhang X, Qian L. The KWAK TI-RADS and 2015 ATA guidelines for medullary thyroid carcinoma: combined with cell block-assisted ultrasound-guided thyroid fine-needle aspiration. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2020;92:450\u201360.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"882_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0020","volume":"26","author":"BR Haugen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, Doherty GM, Mandel SJ, Nikiforov YE, et al. 2015American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2016;26:1\u2013133.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"882_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.22309","volume":"44","author":"NU Patel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patel NU, McKinney K, Kreidler SM, Bieker TM, Russ P, Roberts K, et al. Ultrasound-based clinical prediction rule model for detecting papillary thyroid cancer in cervical lymph nodes: a pilot study. J Clin Ultrasound. 2016;44:143\u201351.","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"882_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/RUQ.0000000000000397","volume":"35","author":"Y Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen Y, Zhan W, Zhou W, Dong Y. The application of ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration in low-volume lateral lymph nodes of papillary thyroid carcinoma patients. Ultrasound Q. 2019;35:240\u20135.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Q"},{"key":"882_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3276","volume":"194","author":"S Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee S, Shin JH, Han BK, Ko EY. Medullary thyroid carcinoma: comparison with papillary thyroid carcinoma and application of current sonographic criteria. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;194:1090\u20134.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"882_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i1.49","volume":"7","author":"W Jiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiang W, Wei HY, Zhang HY, Zhuo QL. Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with elastography in evaluating cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. World J Clin Cases. 2019;7:49\u201357.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"882_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-009-0017-1","volume":"15","author":"MK Furukawa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Furukawa MK, Furukawa M. Diagnosis of lymph node metastases of head and neck cancer and evaluation of effects of chemoradiotherapy using ultrasonography. Int J Clin Oncol. 2010;15:23\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"882_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(05)81135-3","volume":"47","author":"RM Evans","year":"1993","unstructured":"Evans RM, Ahuja A, Metreweli C. The linear echogenic hilus in cervical lymphadenopathy\u2014a sign of benignity or malignancy? Clin Radiol. 1993;47:262\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"882_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.14.11041","volume":"34","author":"SY Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu SY, Zhan WW, Wang WH. Evaluation of thyroid nodules by a scoring and categorizing method based on sonographic features. J Ultrasound Med. 2015;34:2179\u201385.","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"882_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.162.1.3538147","volume":"162","author":"B Gorman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gorman B, Charboneau JW, James EM, Reading CC, Wold LE, Grant CS, et al. Medullary thyroid carcinoma: role of high-resolution US. Radiology. 1987;162:147\u201350.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"882_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2009.10.2.101","volume":"10","author":"SH Kim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim SH, Kim BS, Jung SL, Lee JW, Yang PS, Kang BJ, et al. Ultrasonographic findings of medullary thyroid carcinoma: a comparison with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Korean J Radiol. 2009;10:101\u20135.","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"882_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(02)00585-8","volume":"58","author":"A Ahuja","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ahuja A, Ying M. Sonography of neck lymph nodes. Part II: abnormal lymph nodes. Clin Radiol. 2003;58:359\u201366.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"882_CR24","first-page":"18-015","volume":"2019","author":"A Clark","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clark A, Manduch M, Hollins R, Awad S. Metastatic papillary thyroid cancer presenting with a recurrent necrotic cystic cervical lymph node. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep. 2019;2019:18\u2013015.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep"},{"key":"882_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816676472","volume":"156","author":"MR Machado","year":"2017","unstructured":"Machado MR, Tavares MR, Buchpiguel CA, Chammas MC. Ultrasonographic evaluation of cervical lymph nodes in thyroid cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;156:263\u201371.","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"882_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.01.003","volume":"41","author":"YJ Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee YJ, Kim DW, Park HK, Kim DH, Jung SJ, Oh M, et al. Pre-operative ultrasound diagnosis of nodal metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients according to nodal compartment. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2015;41:1294\u2013300.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-022-00882-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12880-022-00882-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-022-00882-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T10:04:46Z","timestamp":1661767486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12880-022-00882-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["882"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-022-00882-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 July 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The requirements for consent to participate and written informed consent were waived by Ethics Committee of the Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, for it is a retrospective study. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"151"}}