{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T15:00:01Z","timestamp":1778770801991,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673308800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 2021R1G1A1095859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2021R1G1A1095859"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the lack of development of one thyroid lobe. The purpose of this study was to evaluate computed tomography (CT) findings of thyroid hemiagenesis and to establish useful CT criteria for differentiating thyroid hemiagenesis from the hemithyroidectomy state.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The CT images of 11 patients with thyroid hemiagenesis were retrospectively reviewed and compared with those of 100 (49 left and 51 right) patients in a hemithyroidectomy state. Image analysis was performed according to the following CT parameters: (a) side of thyroid hemiagenesis, (b) edge of the medial end of the remnant thyroid gland, (c) location of the medial end of the remnant thyroid gland, expressed as the angle of the medial end and (d) any other thyroid abnormality observed during the initial examination.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The missing lobe occurred more often in the left than in the right lobe (72.7% vs. 27.3%) as well as concomitant isthmus agenesis (100% vs. 37.5%). The sharp edge of the medial end of the remnant thyroid gland was more common in thyroid hemiagenesis (64%) than in hemithyroidectomy (26%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0153). In left thyroid hemiagenesis, the angle of the medial end (63%) was more frequently &gt;\u2009\u2009+\u200930\u00b0 than in hemithyroidectomy (0%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Two patients presented with hypothyroidism; the remaining nine showed a normal thyroid function. The associated thyroid diseases were autoimmune thyroiditis (n\u2009=\u20091) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (n\u2009=\u20091).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The sharp edge of the medial end of the remnant thyroid gland and an angle of &gt;\u2009\u2009+\u200930\u00b0 for the medial end in cases wherein the left lobe is absent are useful CT features for distinguishing thyroid hemiagenesis from hemithyroidectomy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-023-00961-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T15:43:09Z","timestamp":1673365389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Computed tomography findings of thyroid hemiagenesis: differentiation from hemithyroidectomy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Dae Young","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chae Woon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Lan","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi Jung","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"961_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1999.9.1075","volume":"9","author":"P Mikosch","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mikosch P, Gallowitsch HJ, Kresnik E, Molnar M, Gomez I, Lind P. Thyroid hemiagenesis in an endemic goiter area diagnosed by ultrasonography: report of sixteen patients. Thyroid. 1999;9(11):1075\u201384.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"6","key":"961_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310051307","volume":"159","author":"W Shabana","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shabana W, Delange F, Freson M, Osteaux M, De Schepper J. Prevalence of thyroid hemiagenesis: ultrasound screening in normal children. Eur J Pediatr. 2000;159(6):456\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"961_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021574","volume":"88","author":"R Maiorana","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maiorana R, Carta A, Floriddia G, Leonardi D, Buscema M, Sava L, Calaciura F, Vigneri R. Thyroid hemiagenesis: prevalence in normal children and effect on thyroid function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(4):1534\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"961_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0408","volume":"18","author":"M Korpal-Szczyrska","year":"2008","unstructured":"Korpal-Szczyrska M, Kosiak W, Swieton D. Prevalence of thyroid hemiagenesis in an asymptomatic schoolchildren population. Thyroid. 2008;18(6):637\u20139.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"8","key":"961_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0662","volume":"27","author":"S Suzuki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Suzuki S, Midorikawa S, Matsuzuka T, Fukushima T, Ito Y, Shimura H, Takahashi H, Ohira T, Ohtsuru A, Abe M, et al. Prevalence and characterization of thyroid hemiagenesis in Japan: the Fukushima Health Management Survey. Thyroid. 2017;27(8):1011\u20136.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"961_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1159\/000106818","volume":"10","author":"J Deladoey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Deladoey J, Vassart G, Van Vliet G. Possible non-Mendelian mechanisms of thyroid dysgenesis. Endocr Dev. 2007;10:29\u201342.","journal-title":"Endocr Dev"},{"issue":"9","key":"961_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3124","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00784","volume":"102","author":"E Szczepanek-Parulska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Szczepanek-Parulska E, Zybek-Kocik A, Wartofsky L, Ruchala M. Thyroid hemiagenesis: incidence, clinical significance, and genetic background. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(9):3124\u201337.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"789","key":"961_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.67.789.701","volume":"67","author":"H Sasaki","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sasaki H, Futata T, Ninomiya H, Higashi Y, Okumura M. CT and MR imagings of single thyroid lobe (thyroid hemiagenesis) with Graves\u2019 disease. Postgrad Med J. 1991;67(789):701.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"961_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0590","volume":"162","author":"M Ruchala","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ruchala M, Szczepanek E, Szaflarski W, Moczko J, Czarnywojtek A, Pietz L, Nowicki M, Niedziela M, Zabel M, Kohrle J, et al. Increased risk of thyroid pathology in patients with thyroid hemiagenesis: results of a large cohort case\u2013control study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010;162(1):153\u201360.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"15\u201316","key":"961_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-020-00783-w","volume":"170","author":"P Mikosch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mikosch P, Weixlbaumer V, Irrgang M, Aistleitner A, Trifina-Mikosch E. Hemiagenesis of the thyroid gland detected by coincidence-what is the clinical relevance?: Case report and review of the literature. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2020;170(15\u201316):403\u20139.","journal-title":"Wien Med Wochenschr"},{"issue":"3","key":"961_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00305929","volume":"166","author":"R O'Rahilly","year":"1983","unstructured":"O\u2019Rahilly R. The timing and sequence of events in the development of the human endocrine system during the embryonic period proper. Anat Embryol (Berl). 1983;166(3):439\u201351.","journal-title":"Anat Embryol (Berl)"},{"issue":"5","key":"961_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0028","volume":"25","author":"M De Felice","year":"2004","unstructured":"De Felice M, Di Lauro R. Thyroid development and its disorders: genetics and molecular mechanisms. Endocr Rev. 2004;25(5):722\u201346.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"961_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1159\/000106819","volume":"10","author":"C Garel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Garel C, Leger J. Thyroid imaging in children. Endocr Dev. 2007;10:43\u201361.","journal-title":"Endocr Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"961_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-52-2-247","volume":"52","author":"JC Melnick","year":"1981","unstructured":"Melnick JC, Stemkowski PE. Thyroid hemiagenesis (hockey stick sign): a review of the world literature and a report of four cases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1981;52(2):247\u201351.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"961_CR15","first-page":"118","volume":"140","author":"D Berker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berker D, Ozuguz U, Isik S, Aydin Y, Ates Tutuncu Y, Akbaba G, Guler S. A report of ten patients with thyroid hemiagenesis: ultrasound screening in patients with thyroid disease. Swiss Med Wkly. 2010;140(7\u20138):118\u201321.","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"issue":"3","key":"961_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0830-4425","volume":"58","author":"C Schneider","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schneider C, Dietlein M, Faust M, Drzezga A, Schmidt M. Thyroid hemiagenesis is combined with a variety of thyroid disorders. Nuklearmedizin. 2019;58(3):265\u201371.","journal-title":"Nuklearmedizin"},{"issue":"3","key":"961_CR17","first-page":"195","volume":"20","author":"G Bergami","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bergami G, Barbuti D, Di Mario M. Echographic diagnosis of thyroid hemiagenesis. Minerva Endocrinol. 1995;20(3):195\u20138.","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinol"},{"key":"961_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2020.04.038","volume":"66","author":"SK Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim SK, Seo HS, Lee YH, Son GS, Suh SI. Thyroid isthmus agenesis and its clinical significance in a large-scale multidetector CT-based study. Clin Imaging. 2020;66:106\u201310.","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"961_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0020","volume":"26","author":"BR Haugen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, Doherty GM, Mandel SJ, Nikiforov YE, Pacini F, Randolph GW, Sawka AM, Schlumberger M, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2016;26(1):1\u2013133.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"3","key":"961_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otot.2004.07.008","volume":"15","author":"SM Wiseman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wiseman SM, Tomljanovich PI, Rigual NR. Thyroid lobectomy: Operative anatomy, technique, and morbidity. Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;15(3):210\u20139.","journal-title":"Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"961_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.6446","volume":"198","author":"YL Seo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seo YL, Yoon DY, Yoon SJ, Lim KJ, Yun EJ, Choi CS, Bae SH. Compressibility of thyroid masses: a sonographic sign differentiating benign from malignant lesions? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012;198(2):434\u20138.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"8","key":"961_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0096(199010)13:8<561::AID-JCU1870130808>3.0.CO;2-X","volume":"13","author":"P De Remigis","year":"1985","unstructured":"De Remigis P, D\u2019Angelo M, Bonaduce S, Di Giandomenico V, Sensi S. Comparison of ultrasonic scanning and scintiscanning in the evaluation of thyroid hemiagenesis. J Clin Ultrasound. 1985;13(8):561\u20133.","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-023-00961-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12880-023-00961-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-023-00961-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T16:15:52Z","timestamp":1673626552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12880-023-00961-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["961"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-023-00961-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 July 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Hallym University Sacred Heart hospital (Approval No. 2021-12-006-001). Institutional Review Board of Hallym University Sacred Heart hospital waived the need for written informed consent from the subjects due to the retrospective nature of the study. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1975 Helsinki declaration (revised version 2013) and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"8"}}