{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T23:51:41Z","timestamp":1770421901110,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical and healthy Foundation for Young Scientists of Fujian Province","award":["2020QNA059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020QNA059"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty","award":["shslczdzk03202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["shslczdzk03202"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CT and MRI findings, clinicopathologic features, and differential diagnosis of Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods and materials<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Seven men and seven women with pathological diagnoses of SANT were included in this retrospect study. Patients underwent at least one radiological examination before surgery. The number, shape, margin, size, attenuation, signal intensity, homogeneity, and enhancing pattern of the lesion were evaluated by two abdominal radiologists independently. Immunohistochemistry reports were available for 11 patients. The immunoreactivity to the vascular markers CD8, CD31, and CD34 was assessed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The 14 SANT patients (7 men, 7 women; mean age, 43.5 years; age range, 24\u201356 years) presented with a single lesion and showed no specific clinical symptoms. Among 14 patients, 12 patients underwent MR scan, 5 patients underwent CT scan and 3 patients underwent PET-CT. On CT, all 5 lesions showed hypodensity on non-contrast images and spoke-wheel enhancing pattern after contrast administration, and calcification was observed. On T2WI, 10 cases(83.3%)showed hypointensity and 2 cases (16.7%) showed hyperintensity with central hypointensity. On T1WI, 10 cases (83.3%) were isointense and 2 cases (16.7%) were slightly hypointense. 10 cases (83.3%) showed hypointensity on DWI and 2 cases (16.7%) showed slightly hyperintensity on DWI. After contrast administration, all 12 lesions showed progressive enhancement. 18\u00a0F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the tumor was seen in all three cases that underwent PET-CT. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was 4.5, 5.1, and 3.8 respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Apart from the progressive spoke-wheel enhancing pattern, DWI and ADC findings will add value to the diagnosis of SANT.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-023-01008-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T17:02:44Z","timestamp":1680800564000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen: multimodality imaging features and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ning-Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai-Xing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng-Su","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"1008_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000138004.54274.d3","volume":"28","author":"M Martel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Martel M, Cheuk W, Lombardi L, Lifschitz-Mercer B, Chan JK, Rosai J. Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT): report of 25 cases of a distinctive benign splenic lesion. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28(10):1268\u201379.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1008_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000910","volume":"43","author":"J Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma J, Zhang W, Wang L, Zhu Z, Wang J, Zhang J, et al. Imaging features of sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation in spleen. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2019;43(6):863\u20139.","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"10","key":"1008_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2012.06.003","volume":"3","author":"GA Falk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Falk GA, Nooli NP, Morris-Stiff G, Plesec TP, Rosenblatt S. Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation (SANT) of the spleen: case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2012;3(10):492\u2013500.","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"1008_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.1948-18","volume":"58","author":"R Nomura","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nomura R, Tokumura H, Katayose Y, Nakayama F, Iwama N, Furihata M. Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation of the spleen: Lessons from a rare case and review of the literature. Intern Med. 2019;58(10):1433\u201341.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1008_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-012-9949-4","volume":"38","author":"SP Raman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raman SP, Singhi A, Horton KM, Hruban RH, Fishman EK. Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen (SANT): multimodality imaging appearance of five cases with radiology-pathology correlation. Abdom Imaging. 2013;38(4):827\u201334.","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"1008_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020601123904","volume":"39","author":"D Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee D, Wood B, Formby M, Cho T. F-18 FDG-avid sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen: case study and literature review. Pathology. 2007;39(1):181\u20133.","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1008_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000000403","volume":"39","author":"C Lapa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lapa C, Steger U, Ritter CO, Wild V, Herrmann K. Differentiation of an unclear splenic lesion in a patient with cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Nucl Med. 2014;39(5):470\u20131.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1008_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2014.10.015","volume":"39","author":"N Yoshimura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yoshimura N, Saito K, Shirota N, Suzuki K, Akata S, Oshiro H, et al. Two cases of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen with gradual growth: usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging. Clin Imaging. 2015;39(2):315\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"1008_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1258\/ar.2012.120180","volume":"53","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Kim KW, Yu ES, Byun JH, Lee SS, Kim JH, et al. Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen: clinical and radiologic characteristics. Acta Radiol. 2012;53(7):701\u20136.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1008_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0b013e3181bb4480","volume":"34","author":"TK Subhawong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Subhawong TK, Subhawong AP, Kamel I. Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen: multimodality imaging findings and pathologic correlate. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2010;34(2):206\u20139.","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"8","key":"1008_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205846011664979","DOI":"10.1177\/2058460116649799","volume":"5","author":"Y Imamura","year":"2016","unstructured":"Imamura Y, Nakajima R, Hatta K, Seshimo A, Sawada T, Abe K, et al. Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen: a case report with FDG-PET findings and literature review. Acta Radiol Open. 2016;5(8):2058460116649799.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"1008_CR12","first-page":"20180036","volume":"5","author":"R Vigorito","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vigorito R, Scaramuzza D, Pellegrinelli A, Marchiano A. Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen: a case report on CT and MRI. BJR Case Rep. 2019;5(2):20180036.","journal-title":"BJR Case Rep"},{"issue":"17","key":"1008_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15154","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015154","volume":"98","author":"P Cao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cao P, Wang K, Wang C, Wang H. Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation in the spleen: a case series study and literature review. Med (Baltim). 2019;98(17):e15154.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1008_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-017-1400-6","volume":"11","author":"I Demirci","year":"2017","unstructured":"Demirci I, Kinkel H, Antoine D, Szynaka M, Klosterhalfen B, Herold S, et al. Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen mimicking metastasis of melanoma: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep. 2017;11(1):251.","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"1008_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karaosmanoglu DA, Karcaaltincaba M, Akata D. CT and MRI findings of sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen: spoke wheel pattern.Korean J Radiol. 2008;9 Suppl:S52-5.","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2008.9.s.s52"},{"issue":"1","key":"1008_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.5334\/jbsr.2689","volume":"106","author":"S Van den Eede","year":"2022","unstructured":"Van den Eede S, Van de Voorde N, Vanhoenacker F, Op de Beeck B. Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation of the spleen: a diagnostic conundrum. J Belg Soc Radiol. 2022;106(1):12.","journal-title":"J Belg Soc Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1008_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W353","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.12.9522","volume":"200","author":"RB Lewis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lewis RB, Lattin GE Jr, Nandedkar M, Aguilera NS. Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen: CT and MRI features with pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013;200(4):W353\u201360.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"1008_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Messina C, Bignone R, Bruno A, Bruno A, Bruno F, Calandri M et al.Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Oncology: An Update. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(6).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12061493"},{"issue":"3","key":"1008_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4329\/wjr.v5.i3.68","volume":"5","author":"AC Morani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morani AC, Elsayes KM, Liu PS, Weadock WJ, Szklaruk J, Dillman JR, et al. Abdominal applications of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: where do we stand. World J Radiol. 2013;5(3):68\u201380.","journal-title":"World J Radiol"},{"issue":"1063","key":"1008_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160054","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20160054","volume":"89","author":"SY Choi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choi SY, Kim SH, Jang KM, Kang TW, Song KD, Moon JY, et al. The value of contrast-enhanced dynamic and diffusion-weighted MR imaging for distinguishing benign and malignant splenic masses. Br J Radiol. 2016;89(1063):20160054.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1008_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-009-9584-x","volume":"35","author":"C Thacker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thacker C, Korn R, Millstine J, Harvin H, Van Lier Ribbink JA, Gotway MB. Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen: CT, MR, PET, and (9)(9)(m)Tc-sulfur colloid SPECT CT findings with gross and histopathological correlation. Abdom Imaging. 2010;35(6):683\u20139.","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"issue":"13","key":"1008_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i13.1567","volume":"16","author":"PG Kele","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kele PG, van der Jagt EJ. Diffusion weighted imaging in the liver. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(13):1567\u201376.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-023-01008-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12880-023-01008-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-023-01008-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T17:05:59Z","timestamp":1680800759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12880-023-01008-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-023-01008-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 October 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University because of the retrospective nature of the study. Patients were not required to give informed consent to the study because the analysis used anonymous clinical data that were obtained after each patient agreed to treatment by written consent. The study is approved by Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University institutional review board. All experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"50"}}