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More precisely, this measure is herein defined as a weighted combination of an edge potential field-based similarity, which represents the relation between the external contours of the component projections and an edge potential field estimated on the two radiographic images, and an object specificity property, which is based on the distinction of the region-label inside and outside of the object.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The accuracy of our 3D\/2D registration algorithm was assessed on a sample of 64 components (32 femoral components and 32 tibial components). In our tests, we obtained an average of the root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.18 mm, which is significantly lower than that of both single similarity methods, supporting our hypothesis of better stability and accuracy with the proposed approach.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our method, which provides six accurate registration parameters (three rotations and three translations) without requiring any fiducial markers, makes it possible to perform the important analyses on the rotational alignment of the femoral and tibial components on a large number of cases. In addition, this method can be extended to register other implants or bones.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-023-01048-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T00:01:41Z","timestamp":1694995301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unsupervised registration of 3D knee implant components to biplanar X-ray images"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7689-5512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dac\u00a0Cong\u00a0Tai","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Said","family":"Benameur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Max","family":"Mignotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Lavoie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1048_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199701000-00044","volume":"334","author":"R Singerman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Singerman R, Pagan HD, Peyser AB, Goldberg VM. 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The participants have signed an informed consent form for research projects. The Research Ethics Board of the Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM) approved the use of X-ray images in this study (approval no. ND07.059).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"133"}}