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In this study, we utilized hyperspectral (HS) imaging data of stimulated BC specimens to detect malignancies based on altered fluorescence characteristics compared to normal tissue. Initially, we employed a HS camera and broadband spectrum light to assess the absorbance of BC samples. Notably, significant absorbance differences were observed in the 440\u2013460\u00a0nm wavelength range. Subsequently, we developed a specialized LIF system for BC detection, utilizing a low-power blue laser source at 450\u00a0nm wavelength for ten BC samples.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our findings revealed that the fluorescence distribution of breast specimens, which carries molecular-scale structural information, serves as an effective marker for identifying breast tumors. Specifically, the emission at 561\u00a0nm exhibited the greatest variation in fluorescence signal intensity for both tumor and normal tissue, serving as an optical predictive biomarker. To enhance BC identification, we propose an advanced image classification technique that combines image segmentation using contour mapping and K-means clustering (K-mc, K\u2009=\u20098) for HS emission image data analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This exploratory work presents a potential avenue for improving \"in-vivo\" disease characterization using optical technology, specifically our LIF technique combined with the advanced K-mc approach, facilitating early tumor diagnosis in BC.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-023-01095-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T12:01:25Z","timestamp":1694865685000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Delineation and detection of breast cancer using novel label-free fluorescence"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6578-9343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaaeldin","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasser H.","family":"El-Sharkawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1095_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-020-05561-1","volume":"180","author":"Z Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen Z, Xu L, Shi W, et al. 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The Faculty of Medicine at Ain Shams University in Egypt authorized and approved all experimental and investigational studies and ensured that they adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki's Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (P.T.REC\/009\/003156 No.). No experimental research was conducted on anyone who took part in this study, and all patients read and signed two copies of a permission form before data collection began. 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