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According to the status of axillary lymph nodes, all patients were classified into ALNM group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915) and non-ALNM group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009161). The clinical factors (patient age, tumor size, location), molecular biomarkers (ER, PR, HER2 and Ki-67) and sonographic features (shape, orientation, margin, echo pattern, posterior acoustic pattern and vascularity) between two groups were analyzed to unclose the clinicopathologic and ultrasonographic characteristics in PMBC with ALNM.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The incidence of axillary lymph node metastasis was 8.5% in this study. Tumors located in the outer side of the breast (upper outer quadrant and lower outer quadrant) were more likely to have lymphatic metastasis, and the difference between the two group was significantly (86.7% vs. 60.3%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.043). ALNM not associated with age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.437). Although tumor size not associated with ALNM(<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.418), the tumor size in ALNM group (32.3\u2009\u00b1\u200932.7\u00a0mm) was bigger than non-ALNM group (25.2\u2009\u00b1\u200912.8\u00a0mm). All the tumors expressed progesterone receptor (PR) positively, and 90% of all expressed estrogen receptor (ER) positively, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) were positive in two cases of non-ALNM group. Ki-67 high expression was observed in 36 tumors in our study (20.5%), and it was higher in ALNM group than non-ALNM group (33.3% vs. 19.3%), but the difference wasn\u2019t significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.338).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Tumor location is a significant factor for ALNM in PMBC. Outer side location is more easily for ALNM. With the bigger size and\/or Ki-67 higher expression status, the lymphatic metastasis seems more likely to present.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-024-01290-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T13:02:29Z","timestamp":1715691749000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Axillary lymph node metastasis in pure mucinous carcinoma of breast: clinicopathologic and ultrasonographic features"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya-Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiu-Zhu","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya-Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1290_CR1","volume-title":"WHO classification of tumours of the breast","author":"SR Lakhani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lakhani SR, Ellis IO, Schnitt SJ, Tan PH, van de Vijver MJ. 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