{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T05:24:52Z","timestamp":1741411492545,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82302282","61931013","82171886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82302282","61931013","82171886"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019398","name":"Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YYZZ202336"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YYZZ202336"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019398","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Scholar 2015","award":["[2015] 160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2015] 160"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Key Clinical Discipline Funding","award":["2021\u2212135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u2212135"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["7222301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7222301"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-025-01622-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:23:28Z","timestamp":1741353808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stapes footplate\u2019s posterior border protrudes the vestibule in healthy ears: anatomical insights from ultra-high-resolution CT"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ruowei","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongrui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heyu","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenghan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8190-6469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenchang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9210-6544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengfei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1622_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-016-0331-4","volume":"92","author":"A Mohammadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mohammadi A, Jufas N, Sale P, Lee K, Patel N, O\u2019Leary S. Micro-CT analysis of the anatomical characteristics of the stapedial annular ligament. Anat Sci Int. 2017;92(2):262\u20136.","journal-title":"Anat Sci Int"},{"key":"1622_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang S, Xu D, Liu X. Evaluation of round window stimulation performance in otosclerosis using finite element modeling. Comput Math Methods Med. 2016;2016:3603207.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3603207"},{"key":"1622_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2019.02.012","volume":"378","author":"C Muller","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muller C, Zahnert T, Ossmann S, Neudert M, Bornitz M. Vibroplasty combined with tympanic membrane reconstruction in middle ear ventilation disorders. Hear Res. 2019;378:166\u201375.","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"1622_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2020.1788225","volume":"140","author":"Y Akazawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akazawa Y, Ganaha A, Higa T, Kondo S, Oyakawa Y, Hirakawa H, Suzuki M, Yamashiro T. Measurement of stapes footplate thickness in otosclerosis by ultra-high-resolution computed tomography. Acta Otolaryngol. 2020;140(11):899\u2013903.","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1622_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489419859036","volume":"128","author":"LA Brown","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brown LA, Mocan BO, Redleaf MI. Diagnostic protocol for detecting otosclerosis on high-resolution temporal bone CT. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2019;128(11):1054\u201360.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1622_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-023-01475-2","volume":"42","author":"R Tang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tang R, Li J, Zhao P, Zhang Z, Yin H, Ding H, Xu N, Yang Z, Wang Z. Utility of machine learning for identifying stapes fixation on ultra-high-resolution CT. Jpn J Radiol. 2024;42(1):69\u201377.","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1622_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002554","volume":"41","author":"DJ Totten","year":"2020","unstructured":"Totten DJ, Marinelli JP, Carlson ML. Incidence of congenital stapes footplate fixation since 1970: A population-based study. Otol Neurotol. 2020;41(4):489\u201393.","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"1622_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2018.11.011","volume":"378","author":"M Schar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schar M, Dobrev I, Chatzimichalis M, Roosli C, Sim JH. Multiphoton imaging for morphometry of the sandwich-beam structure of the human stapedial annular ligament. Hear Res. 2019;378:63\u201374.","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"1622_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109786","volume":"141","author":"R Tang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tang R, Yin H, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Zhang P, Li J, Zhao P, Lv H, Zhang L, et al. Stapes visualization by ultra-high resolution CT in cadaveric heads: A preliminary study. Eur J Radiol. 2021;141:109786.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"1622_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.08.155","volume":"168","author":"R Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang R, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Xu N, Wu Q, Xie J, Zhao P, Yin H, Yang Z, Wang Z. Radiological evaluation of tympanic segment of Chorda tympani nerve in normal ears: an Ultra-High-Resolution computed tomography study. World Neurosurg. 2022;168:e34\u201342.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1622_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-023-01562-y","volume":"14","author":"N Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu N, Ding H, Tang R, Li X, Zhang Z, Lv H, Dai C, Qiu X, Huang Y, Han X, et al. Comparative study of the sensitivity of ultra-high-resolution CT and high-resolution CT in the diagnosis of isolated fenestral otosclerosis. Insights Imaging. 2023;14(1):211.","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"1622_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2830","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-09231-2","volume":"33","author":"R Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang R, Zhang Z, Zhao P, Zhao L, Xu N, Yin H, Yang Z, Wang Z. A novel imaging scoring method for identifying facial Canal dehiscence: an ultra-high-resolution CT study. Eur Radiol. 2023;33(4):2830\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1622_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.211400","volume":"302","author":"F Heutink","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heutink F, Klabbers TM, Huinck WJ, Lucev F, van der Woude WJ, Mylanus EAM, Verbist BM. Ultra-high-resolution CT to detect intracochlear new bone formation after cochlear implantation. Radiology. 2022;302(3):605\u201312.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1622_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2011.11.012","volume":"283","author":"AN Salt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salt AN, King EB, Hartsock JJ, Gill RM, O\u2019Leary SJ. Marker entry into vestibular Perilymph via the stapes following applications to the round window niche of guinea pigs. Hear Res. 2012;283(1\u20132):14\u201323.","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1622_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-011-0280-5","volume":"12","author":"EB King","year":"2011","unstructured":"King EB, Salt AN, Eastwood HT, O\u2019Leary SJ. Direct entry of gadolinium into the vestibule following intratympanic applications in Guinea pigs and the influence of cochlear implantation. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2011;12(6):741\u201351.","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1622_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100091118","volume":"95","author":"J Marquet","year":"1981","unstructured":"Marquet J. The incudo-malleal joint. J Laryngol Otol. 1981;95(6):543\u201365.","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1622_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200307000-00004","volume":"24","author":"KB Huttenbrink","year":"2003","unstructured":"Huttenbrink KB. Biomechanics of stapesplasty: a review. Otol Neurotol. 2003;24(4):548\u201357.","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1622_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182096ddd","volume":"32","author":"P Mukherjee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mukherjee P, Uzun-Coruhlu H, Curthoys IS, Jones AS, Bradshaw AP, Pohl DV. Three-dimensional analysis of the vestibular end organs in relation to the stapes footplate and piston placement. Otol Neurotol. 2011;32(3):367\u201372.","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1622_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489415581367","volume":"124","author":"H Kaftan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaftan H, Blaurock M, Kaftan S. Design-dependent calculation of the prosthesis length in malleostapedotomy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2015;124(9):728\u201333.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1622_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000494915","volume":"24","author":"H Sudhoff","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sudhoff H, Gehl HB, Boga E, Muller S, Wilms K, Mutze S, Todt I. Stapes prosthesis length: one size fits all?? Audiol Neurootol. 2019;24(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Audiol Neurootol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1622_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1131-7980","volume":"192","author":"S Kosling","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kosling S, Plontke SK, Bartel S. Imaging of otosclerosis. Rofo. 2020;192(8):745\u201353.","journal-title":"Rofo"},{"issue":"2","key":"1622_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000070979.20679.1F","volume":"112","author":"MJ Brucker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brucker MJ, Patel J, Sullivan PK, Department of plastic surgery BMS. Rhode Island hospital PUSA: A morphometric study of the external ear: age- and sex-related differences. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;112(2):647\u201352.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1622_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-018-2113-2","volume":"41","author":"P Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao P, Ding H, Lv H, Li J, Liu X, Yang Z, Wang Z. Growth pattern of temporal bone pneumatization: a computed tomography study with consecutive age groups. Surg Radiol Anat. 2019;41(2):221\u20135.","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"6","key":"1622_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-016-1786-7","volume":"39","author":"P Paetz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paetz P, Goetz GF, Lanfermann H, Giesemann AM. The developing temporal bone: computed tomography measurements and assessment of suture closure from birth to 18 years of age. Surg Radiol Anat. 2017;39(6):663\u201371.","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1622_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2017.05.010","volume":"45","author":"J Hong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hong J, Chen K, Lyu H, Yin D, Yang L, Zhang T, Dai P. Age-related changes in the morphological relationship between the supratubal recess and the eustachian tube. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2018;45(1):88\u201395.","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"5","key":"1622_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002585","volume":"41","author":"FA Almuhawas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Almuhawas FA, Dhanasingh AE, Mitrovic D, Abdelsamad Y, Alzhrani F, Hagr A, Al Sanosi A. Age as a factor of growth in mastoid thickness and skull width. Otol Neurotol. 2020;41(5):709\u201314.","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1622_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1555120","volume":"36","author":"CK Zalewski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zalewski CK. Aging of the human vestibular system. Semin Hear. 2015;36(3):175\u201396.","journal-title":"Semin Hear"},{"issue":"4","key":"1622_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joto.2018.11.006","volume":"13","author":"L Ji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ji L, Zhai S. Aging and the peripheral vestibular system. J Otol. 2018;13(4):138\u201340.","journal-title":"J Otol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1622_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20317","volume":"131","author":"E Bulygina","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bulygina E, Mitteroecker P, Aiello L. Ontogeny of facial dimorphism and patterns of individual development within one human population. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2006;131(3):432\u201343.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1622_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1992_029_0118_csmboc_2.3.co_2","volume":"29","author":"AA Waitzman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Waitzman AA, Posnick JC, Armstrong DC, Pron GE. Craniofacial skeletal measurements based on computed tomography: part II. Normal values and growth trends. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1992;29(2):118\u201328.","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"issue":"6","key":"1622_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2018.08.013","volume":"135","author":"E Guyader","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guyader E, Savean J, Clodic C, Letellier P, Meriot P, Marianowski R. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the temporal bone: comparison of in situ, CT, and CBCT measurements. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2018;135(6):393\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-025-01622-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12880-025-01622-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-025-01622-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:23:37Z","timestamp":1741353817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12880-025-01622-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1622"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-025-01622-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This single-center retrospective and observational study, performed at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, was in accordance with the local institutional review board (approval No. 2022-P2-055 and 2024-P2-061-02) and the declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants included in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"82"}}