{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T23:04:35Z","timestamp":1783724675523,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071973"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071973"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-025-01698-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T10:28:41Z","timestamp":1747132121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Study on heterogeneity of vascularity and cellularity via multiparametric MRI habitat imaging in breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1698_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global Cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209\u201349.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1698_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.115.157834","volume":"57","author":"ES McDonald","year":"2016","unstructured":"McDonald ES, Clark AS, Tchou J, Zhang P, Freedman GM. Clinical diagnosis and management of breast Cancer. J Nucl Med. 2016;57(Suppl 1):S9\u201316.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"1698_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0388-9","volume":"17","author":"N Pashayan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pashayan N, Antoniou AC, Ivanus U, Esserman LJ, Easton DF, French D, Sroczynski G, Hall P, Cuzick J, Evans DG, et al. Personalized early detection and prevention of breast cancer: ENVISION consensus statement. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2020;17(11):687\u2013705.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1239-z","volume":"15","author":"A Bettaieb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bettaieb A, Paul C, Plenchette S, Shan J, Chouchane L, Ghiringhelli F. Precision medicine in breast cancer: reality or Utopia? J Transl Med. 2017;15(1):139.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR5","first-page":"105","volume":"1805","author":"A Marusyk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marusyk A, Polyak K. Tumor heterogeneity: causes and consequences. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010;1805(1):105\u201317.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"1698_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.10.031","volume":"60","author":"S Koren","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koren S, Bentires-Alj M. Breast tumor heterogeneity: source of fitness, hurdle for therapy. Mol Cell. 2015;60(4):537\u201346.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"10","key":"1698_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.06.023","volume":"32","author":"HJ Burstein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burstein HJ, Curigliano G, Thurlimann B, Weber WP, Poortmans P, Regan MM, Senn HJ, Winer EP, Gnant M. Panelists of the St Gallen consensus C: customizing local and systemic therapies for women with early breast cancer: the St. Gallen international consensus guidelines for treatment of early breast cancer 2021. Ann Oncol. 2021;32(10):1216\u201335.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1698_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2020.02.016","volume":"72","author":"C Marchio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marchio C, Annaratone L, Marques A, Casorzo L, Berrino E, Sapino A. Evolving concepts in HER2 evaluation in breast cancer: heterogeneity, HER2-low carcinomas and beyond. Semin Cancer Biol. 2021;72:123\u201335.","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"issue":"20","key":"1698_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.77.8738","volume":"36","author":"AC Wolff","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wolff AC, Hammond MEH, Allison KH, Harvey BE, Mangu PB, Bartlett JMS, Bilous M, Ellis IO, Fitzgibbons P, Hanna W, et al. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer: American society of clinical oncology\/college of American pathologists clinical practice guideline focused update. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(20):2105\u201322.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1698_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.05.008","volume":"34","author":"P Tarantino","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tarantino P, Viale G, Press MF, Hu X, Penault-Llorca F, Bardia A, Batistatou A, Burstein HJ, Carey LA, Cortes J, et al. ESMO expert consensus statements (ECS) on the definition, diagnosis, and management of HER2-low breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2023;34(8):645\u201359.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"14","key":"1698_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200767140-00006","volume":"67","author":"MF Press","year":"2007","unstructured":"Press MF, Lenz HJ. EGFR, HER2 and VEGF pathways: validated targets for cancer treatment. Drugs. 2007;67(14):2045\u201375.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"1698_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0b013e32835ff362","volume":"25","author":"RS Alameddine","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alameddine RS, Otrock ZK, Awada A, Shamseddine A. Crosstalk between HER2 signaling and angiogenesis in breast cancer. Curr Opin Oncol. 2013;25(3):313\u201324.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203690","volume":"387","author":"S Modi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Modi S, Jacot W, Yamashita T, Sohn J, Vidal M, Tokunaga E, Tsurutani J, Ueno NT, Prat A, Chae YS, et al. Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in previously treated HER2-Low advanced breast Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(1):9\u201320.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1698_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01233-9","volume":"27","author":"I Vitale","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vitale I, Shema E, Loi S, Galluzzi L. Intratumoral heterogeneity in cancer progression and response to immunotherapy. Nat Med. 2021;27(2):212\u201324.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"1698_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4875","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-2217","volume":"72","author":"C Swanton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Swanton C. Intratumor heterogeneity: evolution through space and time. Cancer Res. 2012;72(19):4875\u201382.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01332-8","volume":"8","author":"Z Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen Z, Han F, Du Y, Shi H, Zhou W. Hypoxic microenvironment in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8(1):70.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"7513","key":"1698_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13600","volume":"512","author":"Y Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang Y, Waters J, Leung ML, Unruh A, Roh W, Shi X, Chen K, Scheet P, Vattathil S, Liang H, et al. Clonal evolution in breast cancer revealed by single nucleus genome sequencing. Nature. 2014;512(7513):155\u201360.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1698_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2019.09.007","volume":"95","author":"M Solanki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Solanki M, Visscher D. Pathology of breast cancer in the last half century. Hum Pathol. 2020;95:137\u201348.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1698_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.10.021","volume":"73","author":"D Leithner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leithner D, Wengert GJ, Helbich TH, Thakur S, Ochoa-Albiztegui RE, Morris EA, Pinker K. Clinical role of breast MRI now and going forward. Clin Radiol. 2018;73(8):700\u201314.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1698_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26249","volume":"49","author":"Y Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang Y, Lin Y, Hu W, Ma C, Lin W, Wang Z, Liang J, Ye W, Zhao J, Wu R. Diffusion kurtosis at 3.0T as an in vivo imaging marker for breast Cancer characterization: correlation with prognostic factors. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2019;49(3):845\u201356.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018172462","volume":"288","author":"J Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu J, Cao G, Sun X, Lee J, Rubin DL, Napel S, Kurian AW, Daniel BL, Li R. Intratumoral Spatial heterogeneity at perfusion MR imaging predicts Recurrence-free survival in locally advanced breast Cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Radiology. 2018;288(1):26\u201335.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1698_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Syed AK, Whisenant JG, Barnes SL, Sorace AG, Yankeelov TE. Multiparametric analysis of longitudinal quantitative MRI data to identify distinct tumor habitats in preclinical models of breast Cancer. Cancers 2020:12(6).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12061682"},{"key":"1698_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazerouni AS, Hormuth DA 2nd, Davis T, Bloom MJ, Mounho S, Rahman G, Virostko J, Yankeelov TE, Sorace AG. Quantifying tumor heterogeneity via MRI habitats to characterize microenvironmental alterations in HER2\u2009+\u2009Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022:14(7).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14071837"},{"issue":"15","key":"1698_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3952","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-0213","volume":"79","author":"BV Jardim-Perassi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jardim-Perassi BV, Huang S, Dominguez-Viqueira W, Poleszczuk J, Budzevich MM, Abdalah MA, Pillai SR, Ruiz E, Bui MM, Zuccari D, et al. Multiparametric MRI and coregistered histology identify tumor habitats in breast Cancer mouse models. Cancer Res. 2019;79(15):3952\u201364.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1698_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1109\/42.996338","volume":"21","author":"N Mohamed","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mohamed N, Ahmed SMY, Nevin Mohamed AA, Farag T, Moriarty. A modified fuzzy C-means algorithm for bias field Estimation and segmentation of MRI data. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2002;21(3):193\u20139.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"1698_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95681","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2995660","volume":"8","author":"X Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang X, Pan W, Wu Z, Chen J, Mao Y, Wu R. Robust image segmentation using fuzzy c-means clustering with Spatial information based on total generalized variation. IEEE Access. 2020;8:95681\u201397.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR27","first-page":"8850123","volume":"2020","author":"Y Xue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xue Y, Feng R, Cui S, Yu B. Traffic status evolution trend prediction based on congestion propagation effects under rainy weather. J Adv Transp. 2020;2020(1):8850123.","journal-title":"J Adv Transp"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-024-01453-8","volume":"24","author":"S Rathika","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rathika S, Mahendran K, Sudarsan H, Ananth SV. Novel neural network classification of maternal fetal ultrasound planes through optimized feature selection. BMC Med Imaging. 2024;24(1):337.","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"1698_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9776(03)00106-1","volume":"12","author":"KN Ogston","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ogston KN, Miller ID, Payne S, Hutcheon AW, Sarkar TK, Smith I, Schofield A, Heys SD. A new histological grading system to assess response of breast cancers to primary chemotherapy: prognostic significance and survival. Breast. 2003;12(5):320\u20137.","journal-title":"Breast"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-024-01273-w","volume":"24","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang X, Hu W. MRCT and CT in the diagnosis of pediatric disease imaging: assessing imaging performance and clinical effects. BMC Med Imaging. 2024;24(1):96.","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-025-01617-0","volume":"25","author":"W Xie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xie W, Cao L, Yu J, Tian A, Wang J, Lin R. (18)F-FDG PET\/CT metabolic parameter changes to assess vascular inflammatory response in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. BMC Med Imaging. 2025;25(1):81.","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0111-2","volume":"5","author":"N Harbeck","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harbeck N, Penault-Llorca F, Cortes J, Gnant M, Houssami N, Poortmans P, Ruddy K, Tsang J, Cardoso F. Breast cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(1):66.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"1","key":"1698_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13122697","volume":"269","author":"RA Gatenby","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gatenby RA, Grove O, Gillies RJ. Quantitative imaging in cancer evolution and ecology. Radiology. 2013;269(1):8\u201315.","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-025-01698-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12880-025-01698-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-025-01698-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T23:11:54Z","timestamp":1747177914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12880-025-01698-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1698"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-025-01698-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (2020-34), which waived the requirement for written informed consent owing to the use of de-identified retrospective data. The authors confirm that all experiments involving humans and\/or the use of human tissue samples were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"159"}}