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DWI was first assessed for the presence of restricted diffusion within the optic nerve. Quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) evaluation was performed by placing a region of interest (ROI) within the affected optic nerve. Qualitative and quantitative DWI assessments were compared between A-AION and NA-AION patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Twenty A-AION patients (75.7\u2009\u00b1\u20096.8 years; 16 [80.0%] female) and 59 NA-AION patients (64.6\u2009\u00b1\u200910.7 years; 22 [37.3%] female) with a total of 82 (A-AION: 23; NA-AION: 59) DWI-MRI scans were included in the study. Restricted diffusion on ADC was significantly more frequent in A-AION, when compared to NA-AION (82.6% vs. 42.4%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). Corresponding sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of qualitative ADC assessment for the identification of A-AION were 0.83, 0.58, 0.43 and 0.89. Quantitative ADC analysis revealed significantly lower values in optic nerves affected by A-AION (ADC: 448.0\u2009\u00b1\u2009256.2\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u2212\u20096<\/jats:sup> mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s vs. 671.5\u2009\u00b1\u2009174.9\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u2212\u20096<\/jats:sup> mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Restricted diffusion of the optic nerve is more frequent in A-AION and associated with lower optic nerve ADC values, when compared to NA-AION. Prospective studies are required to further explore the potential of DWI in discerning arteritic from non-arteritic AION.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-025-01780-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T11:25:10Z","timestamp":1750332310000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diffusion weighted imaging-based differentiation of arteritic and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Pietrock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresia","family":"Knoche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Meidinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Wenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eberhard","family":"Siebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leon Alexander","family":"Danyel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1780_CR1","first-page":"171","volume":"48","author":"SS Hayreh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hayreh SS. 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