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Statistical analyses were performed on the differences in the degree of enhancement in the arterial\/venous phase (DEap\/DEvp) (in HU) and the corresponding graded variables for the arterial\/venous phase (GVap\/GVvp). Models were evaluated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and the Hosmer\u2012Lemeshow (HL) test.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The values of the area under the curve (AUC) for DEap, DEvp, GVap, and GVvp in Models 1\u20133 were 0.996, 1.000, 0.993, and 0.999; 0.980, 0.978, 0.961, and 0.975; and 0.734, 0.892, 0.725, and 0.883, respectively. The p values of the HL test were 0.984, 1.000, and 0.113, respectively. The DEvp interval values (in HU) for the LPAs, ACs, and AGNs were [4.9, 190.2] HU, [-3.7, 4.2] HU, and [-4.8, 41.8] HU, respectively. The GVap and GVvp ranges for the LPAs, ACs, and AGNs were [1, 6], [0, 2], and [0, 2] and [1, 6], [0, 1], and [0, 5], respectively.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>DEvp enhanced discrimination in Models 1 and 3, whereas DEap performed better in Model 2. Lesions with DEvp\u2009&lt;\u20094.5 HU are likely represent non-enhancing pathology (e.g., cysts). When both GVap and GVvp are 0, when both GVap and GVvp are [2, 6], and when GVap is [3, 6] and GVvp is 6, LPA, AC, and AGN are excluded.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Clinical trial number<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-025-01916-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T09:02:09Z","timestamp":1758877329000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["New heights in CT differentiation of adrenal lesions and a rational definition of non-enhancement"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Lichun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangmei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongfeng","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongyu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dengfa","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1916_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2017.05.001","volume":"14","author":"WW Mayo-Smith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mayo-Smith WW, Song JH, Boland GL, Francis IR, Israel GM, Mazzaglia PJ, Berland LL, Pandharipande PV. 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