{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:14:48Z","timestamp":1772165688090,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82372048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82372048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Project","award":["22TS1400900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22TS1400900"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-025-01933-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T15:38:49Z","timestamp":1759160329000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of MRI features in subtypes of primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yanwei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mengxue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daoying","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1933_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4314","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30965","volume":"123","author":"CH Han","year":"2017","unstructured":"Han CH, Batchelor TT. Diagnosis and management of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Cancer. 2017;123:4314\u201324.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"1933_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000076","volume":"73","author":"C Giannini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Giannini C, Dogan A, Salom\u00e3o DR. CNS lymphoma: a practical diagnostic approach. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2014;73:478\u201394.","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"1933_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020008377","volume":"140","author":"LR Schaff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schaff LR, Grommes C. Primary central nervous system lymphoma. Blood. 2022;140:971\u20139.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1933_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-643569","volume":"127","author":"SH Swerdlow","year":"2016","unstructured":"Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, Harris NL, Stein H, Siebert R, Advani R, Ghielmini M, Salles GA, Zelenetz AD, Jaffe ES. The 2016 revision of the world health organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood. 2016;127:2375\u201390.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1933_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/35000501","volume":"403","author":"AA Alizadeh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alizadeh AA, Eisen MB, Davis RE, Ma C, Lossos IS, Rosenwald A, et al. Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling. Nature. 2000;403:503\u201311.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1933_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012914","volume":"346","author":"A Rosenwald","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rosenwald A, Wright G, Chan WC, Connors JM, Campo E, Fisher RI, et al. The use of molecular profiling to predict survival after chemotherapy for diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1937\u201347.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1933_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802885","volume":"359","author":"G Lenz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lenz G, Wright G, Dave SS, Xiao W, Powell J, Zhao H, et al. Stromal gene signatures in large-B-cell lymphomas. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2313\u201323.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1933_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.10.006","volume":"39","author":"WH Wilson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wilson WH, Wright GW, Huang DW, Hodkinson B, Balasubramanian S, Fan Y, Vermeulen J, Shreeve M, Staudt LM. Effect of ibrutinib with R-CHOP chemotherapy in genetic subtypes of DLBCL. Cancer Cell. 2021;39:1643\u2013e16533.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"1933_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-05-1545","volume":"103","author":"CP Hans","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hans CP, Weisenburger DD, Greiner TC, Gascoyne RD, Delabie J, Ott G, M\u00fcller-Hermelink HK, Campo E, Braziel RM, Jaffe ES, Pan Z, Farinha P, Smith LM, Falini B, Banham AH, Rosenwald A, Staudt LM, Connors JM, Armitage JO, Chan WC. Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. Blood. 2004;103:275\u201382.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1933_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18036","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7495","volume":"7","author":"A Batlle-L\u00f3pez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Batlle-L\u00f3pez A, Gonz\u00e1lez de Villambros\u00eda S, Francisco M, Malatxeberria S, S\u00e1ez A, Montalban C, et al. Stratifying diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy: GCB\/non-GCB by immunohistochemistry is still a robust and feasible marker. Oncotarget. 2016;7:18036\u201349.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"1933_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.11.031","volume":"83","author":"C Marcus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marcus C, Maragkos GA, Alterman RL, Uhlmann E, Pihan G, Varma H. GCB-type is a favorable prognostic factor in primary CNS diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. J Clin Neurosci. 2021;83:49\u201355.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"1933_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab020","volume":"23","author":"RF Barajas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barajas RF, Politi LS, Anzalone N, Sch\u00f6der H, Fox CP, Boxerman JL, et al. Consensus recommendations for MRI and PET imaging of primary central nervous system lymphoma: guideline statement from the International Primary CNS Lymphoma Collaborative Group (IPCG). Neuro Oncol. 2021;23:1056\u201371.","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"1933_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7795","volume":"44","author":"A Pons-Escoda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pons-Escoda A, Naval-Baudin P, Velasco R, Vidal N, Maj\u00f3s C. Imaging of lymphomas involving the CNS: an update-review of the full spectrum of disease with an emphasis on the world health organization classifications of CNS tumors 2021 and hematolymphoid tumors 2022. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2023;44:358\u201366.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"1933_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-004-3390-7","volume":"72","author":"W K\u00fcker","year":"2005","unstructured":"K\u00fcker W, N\u00e4gele T, Korfel A, Heckl S, Thiel E, Bamberg M, Weller M, Herrlinger U. Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL): MRI features at presentation in 100 patients. J Neurooncol. 2005;72:169\u201377.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"1933_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2021.0599","volume":"25","author":"ROSIELLEDA MISCHEL A M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mischel AM, Rosielle DA. Eastern cooperative oncology group performance status #434 [J]. J Palliat Med. 2022;25:508\u201310.","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"1933_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28782","volume":"59","author":"G Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu G, Zhang X, Zhang N, Xiao H, Chen X, Ma L. Detecting double expression status in primary central nervous system lymphoma using multiparametric MRI based machine learning. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2024;59:231\u20139.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"1933_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3669-7","volume":"40","author":"G Cheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheng G, Zhang J. Imaging features (CT, MRI, MRS, and PET\/CT) of primary central nervous system lymphoma in immunocompetent patients. Neurol Sci. 2019;40:535\u201342.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"1933_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811197","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.811197","volume":"12","author":"Y Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han Y, Wang ZJ, Li WH, Yang Y, Zhang J, Yang XB, et al. Differentiation between primary central nervous system lymphoma and atypical glioblastoma based on MRI morphological feature and signal intensity ratio: a retrospective multicenter study. Front Oncol. 2022;12:811197.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"1933_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.37.6-WIT.4843","volume":"37","author":"G Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu G, Li Y, Liang X, Zhao Z. Diagnosis and analysis of primary central nervous system lymphoma based on MRI segmentation algorithm. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37:1585\u20139.","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"1933_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.5.01841679","volume":"184","author":"HW Slone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Slone HW, Blake JJ, Shah R, Guttikonda S, Bourekas EC. CT and MRI findings of intracranial lymphoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;184:1679\u201385.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"1933_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2023.11.004","volume":"60","author":"SS Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang SS. Epidemiology and etiology of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Semin Hematol. 2023;60:255\u201366.","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"1933_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2012.12.009","volume":"87","author":"M Martelli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Martelli M, Ferreri AJ, Agostinelli C, Di Rocco A, Pfreundschuh M, Pileri SA. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2013;87:146\u201371.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"1933_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9991","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1732008100","volume":"100","author":"G Wright","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wright G, Tan B, Rosenwald A, Hurt EH, Wiestner A, Staudt LM. A gene expression-based method to diagnose clinically distinct subgroups of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:9991\u20136.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1933_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438001","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1438001","volume":"16","author":"C Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang C, Ren X, Cui Y, Jiang H, Li M, Yu K, Shen S, Li M, Zhang X, Zhao X, Zhu Q, Bu X, Lin S. New hopes and challenges in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1438001.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1933_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463505","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1463505","volume":"14","author":"Y Xing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xing Y, Zhao K, Zhang Y, Wang Y. BTK Inhibition in primary central nervous system lymphoma: mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and future perspectives. Front Oncol. 2024;14:1463505.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"1933_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.60.2383","volume":"33","author":"DW Scott","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scott DW, Mottok A, Ennishi D, Wright GW, Farinha P, Ben-Neriah S, et al. Prognostic significance of diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma cell of origin determined by digital gene expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue biopsies. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33:2848\u201356.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1933_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-024-05880-z","volume":"103","author":"Y Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi Y, Xu Y, Shen H, Jin J, Tong H, Xie W. Advances in biology, diagnosis and treatment of DLBCL. Ann Hematol. 2024;103:3315\u201334.","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"1933_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011795","volume":"346","author":"B Coiffier","year":"2002","unstructured":"Coiffier B, Lepage E, Briere J, Herbrecht R, Tilly H, Bouabdallah R, Morel P, Van Den Neste E, Salles G, Gaulard P, Reyes F, Lederlin P, Gisselbrecht C. CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:235\u201342.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1933_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.1003","volume":"24","author":"TM Habermann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Habermann TM, Weller EA, Morrison VA, Gascoyne RD, Cassileth PA, Cohn JB, Dakhil SR, Woda B, Fisher RI, Peterson BA, Horning SJ. Rituximab-CHOP versus CHOP alone or with maintenance rituximab in older patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:3121\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1933_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2115304","volume":"386","author":"H Tilly","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tilly H, Morschhauser F, Sehn LH, Friedberg JW, Trn\u011bn\u00fd M, Sharman JP, et al. Polatuzumab Vedotin in previously untreated diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2022;386:351\u201363.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1933_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-811161-1.00007-4","volume":"149","author":"WB Pope","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pope WB. Brain metastases: neuroimaging. Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;149:89\u2013112.","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"1933_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12800","volume":"31","author":"M Goryawala","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goryawala M, Roy B, Gupta RK, Maudsley AA. T1-weighted and T2-weighted Subtraction MR images for glioma visualization and grading. J Neuroimaging. 2021;31:124\u201331.","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"1933_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10007","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67080-9","volume":"10","author":"YX He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He YX, Qu CX, He YY, Shao J, Gao Q. Conventional MR and DW imaging findings of cerebellar primary CNS lymphoma: comparison with high-grade glioma. Sci Rep. 2020;10:10007.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1933_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023021002","volume":"143","author":"L Cerchietti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cerchietti L. Genetic mechanisms underlying tumor microenvironment composition and function in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2024;143:1101\u201311.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1933_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.03.015","volume":"37","author":"GW Wright","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wright GW, Huang DW, Phelan JD, Coulibaly ZA, Roulland S, Young RM, Wang JQ, Schmitz R, Morin RD, Tang J, Jiang A, Bagaev A, Plotnikova O, Kotlov N, Johnson CA, Wilson WH, Scott DW, Staudt LM. A probabilistic classification tool for genetic subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma with therapeutic implications. Cancer Cell. 2020;37:551\u2013e56814.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"1933_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000592","volume":"40","author":"K Taniguchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taniguchi K, Takata K, Chuang SS, Miyata-Takata T, Sato Y, Satou A, Hashimoto Y, Tamura M, Nagakita K, Ohnishi N, Noujima-Harada M, Tabata T, Kikuti YY, Maeda Y, Nakamura N, Tanimoto M, Yoshino T. Frequent MYD88 L265P and CD79B mutations in primary breast diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2016;40:324\u201334.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"1933_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-018-2242-9","volume":"67","author":"ANR Weber","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weber ANR, Cardona Gloria Y, \u00c7\u0131nar \u00d6, Reinhardt HC, Pezzutto A, Wolz OO. Oncogenic MYD88 mutations in lymphoma: novel insights and therapeutic possibilities. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2018;67:1797\u2013807.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"1933_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.htct.2018.05.014","volume":"41","author":"L Fogliatto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fogliatto L, Grokoski KC, Strey YM, Vanelli T, Fraga CGDS, Barra MB, Pinto FC, Bendit I, Bica CG. Prognostic impact of MYD88 mutation, proliferative index and cell origin in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. 2019;41:50\u20136.","journal-title":"Hematol Transfus Cell Ther"},{"key":"1933_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/s43018-025-00909-2","volume":"6","author":"R Jin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jin R, Neufeld L, McGaha TL. Linking macrophage metabolism to function in the tumor microenvironment. Nat Cancer. 2025;6:239\u201352.","journal-title":"Nat Cancer"},{"key":"1933_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.06.001","volume":"30","author":"I Vitale","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vitale I, Manic G, Coussens LM, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Macrophages and metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Metab. 2019;30:36\u201350.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"1933_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10351","volume":"476","author":"RD Morin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morin RD, Mendez-Lago M, Mungall AJ, Goya R, Mungall KL, Corbett RD, et al. Frequent mutation of histone-modifying genes in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Nature. 2011;476:298\u2013303.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1933_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-0766-4","volume":"35","author":"KT Hartert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hartert KT, Wenzl K, Krull JE, Manske M, Sarangi V, Asmann Y, Larson MC, Maurer MJ, Slager S, Macon WR, King RL, Feldman AL, Gandhi AK, Link BK, Habermann TM, Yang ZZ, Ansell SM, Cerhan JR, Witzig TE, Nowakowski GS, Novak AJ. Targeting of inflammatory pathways with R2CHOP in high-risk DLBCL. Leukemia. 2021;35:522\u201333.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"1933_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5580","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204640","volume":"20","author":"R K\u00fcppers","year":"2001","unstructured":"K\u00fcppers R, Dalla-Favera R. Mechanisms of chromosomal translocations in B cell lymphomas. Oncogene. 2001;20:5580\u201394.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"1933_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-01958-w","volume":"16","author":"A Berhan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Berhan A, Almaw A, Damtie S, Solomon Y. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL): epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk stratification, advancement in diagnostic approaches and prospects: narrative review. Discov Oncol. 2025;16:184.","journal-title":"Discov Oncol"},{"key":"1933_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-024-02037-1","volume":"24","author":"Z Zhong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhong Z, Qui\u00f1ones-P\u00e9rez M, Dai Z, Juarez VM, Bhatia E, Carlson CR, et al. Human immune organoids to decode B cell response in healthy donors and patients with lymphoma. Nat Mater. 2025;24:297\u2013311.","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"1933_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13520","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804295105","volume":"105","author":"G Lenz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lenz G, Wright GW, Emre NC, Kohlhammer H, Dave SS, Davis RE, et al. Molecular subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma arise by distinct genetic pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105:13520\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1933_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6202","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90788-5","volume":"15","author":"M Hoffmann","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hoffmann M, Hennighausen L. Spotlight on amino acid changing mutations in the JAK-STAT pathway: from disease-specific mutation to general mutation databases. Sci Rep. 2025;15:6202.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1933_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-025-02533-6","volume":"39","author":"S Glaser","year":"2025","unstructured":"Glaser S, Fischer A, Mart\u00ednez-Manj\u00f3n JE, L\u00f3pez C, Kretzmer H, Burkhardt B, et al. Subgrouping germinal center-derived B-cell lymphomas based on machine learning-deduced DNA methylation modules. Leukemia. 2025;39:967\u201371.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"1933_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2171","volume":"32","author":"IS Haldorsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haldorsen IS, Espeland A, Larsson EM. Central nervous system lymphoma: characteristic findings on traditional and advanced imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011;32:984\u201392.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"1933_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.17.6.9397461","volume":"17","author":"KK Koeller","year":"1997","unstructured":"Koeller KK, Smirniotopoulos JG, Jones RV. Primary central nervous system lymphoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 1997;17:1497\u2013526.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"1933_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2006.21.5.5","volume":"21","author":"JL Go","year":"2006","unstructured":"Go JL, Lee SC, Kim PE. Imaging of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Neurosurg Focus. 2006;21:E4.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"1933_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(02)00105-1","volume":"105","author":"J Gliemroth","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gliemroth J, Kehler U, Gaebel C, Arnold H, Missler U. Neuroradiological findings in primary cerebral lymphomas of non-AIDS patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2003;105:78\u201386.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"1933_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300101037","volume":"12","author":"A Coulon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Coulon A, Lafitte F, Hoang-Xuan K, Martin-Duverneuil N, Mokhtari K, Blustajn J, Chiras J. Radiographic findings in 37 cases of primary CNS lymphoma in immunocompetent patients. Eur Radiol. 2002;12:329\u201340.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"1933_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1447","volume":"30","author":"IS Haldorsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Haldorsen IS, Kr\u00e5kenes J, Krossnes BK, Mella O, Espeland A. CT and MR imaging features of primary central nervous system lymphoma in norway, 1989\u20132003. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2009;30:744\u201351.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"1933_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340000480","volume":"43","author":"MM THURNHER","year":"2001","unstructured":"Thurnher MM, Kleibl-Popov C Rieger A, et al. Primary central nervous system lymphoma in AIDS: a wider spectrum of CT and MRI findings [J]. Neuroradiology. 2001;43:29\u201335.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"1933_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2010.01.017","volume":"79","author":"E Senocak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Senocak E, Oguz KK, Ozgen B, Mut M, Ayhan S, Berker M, Ozdemir P, Cila A. Parenchymal lymphoma of the brain on initial MR imaging: a comparative study between primary and secondary brain lymphoma. Eur J Radiol. 2011;79:288\u201394.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"1933_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2005.12.032","volume":"58","author":"C Calli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Calli C, Kitis O, Yunten N, Yurtseven T, Islekel S, Akalin T. Perfusion and diffusion MR imaging in enhancing malignant cerebral tumors. Eur J Radiol. 2006;58:394\u2013403.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"1933_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2007.00231.x","volume":"18","author":"TT Zacharia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zacharia TT, Law M, Naidich TP, Leeds NE. Central nervous system lymphoma characterization by diffusion-weighted imaging and MR spectroscopy. J Neuroimaging. 2008;18:411\u20137.","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"1933_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-006-0123-y","volume":"48","author":"PC Schroeder","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schroeder PC, Post MJ, Oschatz E, Stadler A, Bruce-Gregorios J, Thurnher MM. Analysis of the utility of diffusion-weighted MRI and apparent diffusion coefficient values in distinguishing central nervous system toxoplasmosis from lymphoma. Neuroradiology. 2006;48:715\u201320.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"1933_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-8-225","volume":"8","author":"IS Haldorsen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haldorsen IS, Kr\u00e5kenes J, Goplen AK, Dunlop O, Mella O, Espeland A. AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma: a Norwegian national survey 1989\u20132003. BMC Cancer. 2008;8:225.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"1933_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20707","volume":"24","author":"B Hakyemez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hakyemez B, Erdogan C, Bolca N, Yildirim N, Gokalp G, Parlak M. Evaluation of different cerebral mass lesions by perfusion-weighted MR imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006;24:817\u201324.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"1933_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(03)00272-6","volume":"342","author":"I Harting","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harting I, Hartmann M, Jost G, Sommer C, Ahmadi R, Heiland S, Sartor K. Differentiating primary central nervous system lymphoma from glioma in humans using localised proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neurosci Lett. 2003;342:163\u20136.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"1933_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.5.1761319","volume":"176","author":"N Erdag","year":"2001","unstructured":"Erdag N, Bhorade RM, Alberico RA, Yousuf N, Patel MR. Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system: typical and atypical CT and MR imaging appearances. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;176:1319\u201326.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"1933_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers17111827","volume":"17","author":"F Esposito","year":"2025","unstructured":"Esposito F, Manco L, Urso L, Adamantiadis S, Scribano G, De Marchi L, et al. 18F-FDG PET\/CT radiomics for predicting therapy response in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma: a bi-centric pilot study. Cancers (Basel). 2025;17:1827.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"1933_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-13360-w","volume":"24","author":"N Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun N, Qiao W, Wang T, Xing Y, Zhao J. Prognostic value of interim PET\/CT in GCB and non-GCB DLBCL: comparison of the Deauville five-point scale and the \u2206SUVmax method. BMC Cancer. 2024;24:1583.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"1933_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6761","volume":"41","author":"A Pons-Escoda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pons-Escoda A, Garcia-Ruiz A, Naval-Baudin P, Cos M, Vidal N, Plans G, et al. Presurgical identification of primary central nervous system lymphoma with normalized time-intensity curve: A pilot study of a new method to analyze DSC-PWI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020;41:1816\u201324.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"1933_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7668","volume":"43","author":"A Pons-Escoda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pons-Escoda A, Garc\u00eda-Ru\u00edz A, Naval-Baudin P, Grussu F, Viveros M, Vidal N, et al. Diffuse large B-Cell Epstein-Barr virus-positive primary CNS lymphoma in non-AIDS patients: high diagnostic accuracy of DSC perfusion metrics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2022;43:1567\u201374.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-025-01933-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12880-025-01933-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-025-01933-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T16:03:54Z","timestamp":1759161834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12880-025-01933-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1933"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-025-01933-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6811345\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted following approval from the Ethics Committee of Huashan Hospital affiliated with Fudan University. The ethics committee granted a waiver of informed consent owing to the retrospective design of this study. The research was performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"400"}}