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This study assessed their utility in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) staging, compared different measurement approaches, and explored their predictive value for surgical staging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty prospectively enrolled ESCC patients (61 males, 19 females; median age 70 years) from February 2020 to August 2020 underwent 3.0T IVIM-DWI with respiratory-triggered and fat saturation techniques. Tumor ADC and IVIM parameters were calculated (b-values: 0\u20131000\u00a0s\/mm\u00b2) for maximum-diameter slices and whole-volume regions of interest (ROI), and their correlations with T (tumor)\/N (lymph node involvement) staging were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Full-volume measurements demonstrated higher interobserver reproducibility than single-slice measurements. For T staging, tumors with lower single-slice ADC_max and D_min values, as well as lower whole-volume ADC_std, were more likely to present with advanced stages (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Parameters derived from the maximum-diameter slice provided higher diagnostic accuracy for T-stage discrimination compared with whole-volume analysis (AUC 0.75 vs. 0.70). For N staging, single-slice D_mean was associated with nodal involvement, while whole-volume analysis revealed that lower D_max, f_mean, f_min, and D*_std along with higher D*_min were correlated with lymph node metastasis, yielding better diagnostic performance (AUC 0.70 vs. 0.60).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRI-derived IVIM and ADC parameters provide non-invasive biomarkers for ESCC staging with the potential to guide preoperative decision-making, while exploring different ROI delineation strategies may further enhance research and clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-025-01973-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T11:21:59Z","timestamp":1762255319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preoperative esophageal cancer staging assessment based on intravoxel incoherent motion and apparent diffusion coefficient: a comparative study of maximum-diameter slice region of interest and whole volume of interest analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8911-7472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6749-3377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8759-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1894-9060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0751-216X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6232-800X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianwen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0770-1067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1973_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A. 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