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According to Spanish and European regulations, including the General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016\/679 and the Spanish Law 14\/2007 on Biomedical Research, research based exclusively on anonymous data does not require separate ethics committee approval. As our study did not involve human participants, the processing of personal data, or the use of human biological samples, ethical approval and informed consent were not required under applicable regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"47"}}