{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:52:10Z","timestamp":1777884730076,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82502467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82502467"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81974274, 82272060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974274, 82272060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Project of Tongji Hospital of Tongji University","award":["ITJ(QN)2409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITJ(QN)2409"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Project of Tongji Hospital of Tongji University","award":["ITJ(ZD)2410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITJ(ZD)2410"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-026-02302-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T09:20:45Z","timestamp":1774344045000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preoperative assessment of split renal function in patients with renal cell carcinoma by APTw driven multiparameter MRI"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yutao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daxiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aijun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2302_CR1","first-page":"10","volume":"75","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Kratzer TB, Giaquinto AN, Sung H, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2025. Ca-a Cancer. J Clin. 2025;75(1):10\u201345.","journal-title":"J Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"2302_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.03.006","volume":"82","author":"B Ljungberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ljungberg B, Albiges L, Abu-Ghanem Y, Bedke J, Capitanio U, Dabestani S, et al. European Association of Urology Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma: The 2022 Update. Eur Urol. 2022;82(4):399\u2013410.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2302_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.01.021","volume":"80","author":"T Chandrasekar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chandrasekar T, Boorjian SA, Capitanio U, Gershman B, Mir MC, Kutikov A. Collaborative Review: Factors Influencing Treatment Decisions for Patients with a Localized Solid Renal Mass. Eur Urol. 2021;80(5):575\u201388.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2302_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001911","volume":"206","author":"SC Campbell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Campbell SC, Clark PE, Chang SS, Karam JA, Souter L, Uzzo RG. Renal Mass and Localized Renal Cancer: Evaluation, Management, and Follow-Up: AUA Guideline: Part I. J Urol. 2021;206(2):199\u2013208.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2302_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.729","volume":"102","author":"AS Levey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Levey AS, Inker LA. Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Health and Disease: A State of the Art Review. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017;102(3):405\u201319.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"2302_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.04.016","volume":"78","author":"LA Inker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Inker LA, Titan S. Measurement and Estimation of GFR for Use in Clinical Practice: Core Curriculum 2021. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;78(5):736\u201349.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"23","key":"2302_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra054415","volume":"354","author":"LA Stevens","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stevens LA, Coresh J, Greene T, Levey AS. Medical progress - Assessing kidney function - Measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(23):2473\u201383.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2302_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stehle T, Delanaye P. Which is the best glomerular filtration marker: Creatinine, cystatin C or both? Eur J Clin Invest. 2024;54(10).","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.14278"},{"issue":"3","key":"2302_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.138.3.565","volume":"138","author":"GF Gates","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gates GF, GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION RATE - ESTIMATION FROM FRACTIONAL RENAL ACCUMULATION OF. TC-99\u00a0M-DTPA (STANNOUS). Am J Roentgenol. 1982;138(3):565\u201370.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2302_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.04.032","volume":"100","author":"A Caroli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Caroli A, Remuzzi A, Lerman LO. Basic principles and new advances in kidney imaging. Kidney Int. 2021;100(5):1001\u201311.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2302_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morshid A, Duran ES, Choi WJ, Duran C. A concise review of the multimodality imaging features of renal cell carcinoma. Cureus J Med Sci. 2021;13(2).","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.13231"},{"issue":"6","key":"2302_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.44","volume":"12","author":"N Grenier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grenier N, Merville P, Combe C. Radiologic imaging of the renal parenchyma structure and function. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2016;12(6):348\u201359.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2302_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010111143","volume":"22","author":"T Inoue","year":"2011","unstructured":"Inoue T, Kozawa E, Okada H, Inukai K, Watanabe S, Kikuta T, et al. Noninvasive Evaluation of Kidney Hypoxia and Fibrosis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;22(8):1429\u201334.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2302_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26180","volume":"48","author":"J-Y Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou J-Y, Wang Y-C, Zeng C-H, Ju S-H. Renal Functional MRI and Its Application. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2018;48(4):863\u201381.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"2302_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1619-8","volume":"20","author":"X Xu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xu X, Fang W, Ling H, Chai W, Chen K. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of kidneys in patients with chronic kidney disease: initial study. Eur Radiol. 2010;20(4):978\u201383.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2302_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Z, Liu H, Meng H, Zhang D. Application of diffusion tensor imaging and blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging to assess bilateral renal function induced by Iohexol in rabbits. BMC Nephrol. 2020;21(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-020-01857-y"},{"issue":"1","key":"2302_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3336-1","volume":"25","author":"Q Feng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feng Q, Ma Z, Wu J, Fang W. DTI for the assessment of disease stage in patients with glomerulonephritis - correlation with renal histology. Eur Radiol. 2015;25(1):92\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2302_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cox EF, Buchanan CE, Bradley C, Prestwich B, Mahmoud H, Taai M, et al. Multiparametric renal magnetic resonance imaging: validation, interventions, and alterations in chronic kidney disease. Front Physiol. 2017;8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00696"},{"issue":"2","key":"2302_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25601","volume":"46","author":"Y-z Cai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cai Y-z, Li Z-c, Zuo P-l, Pfeuffer J, Li Y-m, Liu F, et al. Diagnostic value of renal perfusion in patients with chronic kidney disease using 3D arterial spin labeling. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017;46(2):589\u201394.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"2302_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.11019","volume":"31","author":"A Nogueira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nogueira A, Pires MJ, Oliveira PA. Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Renal Fibrosis: A Review of Animal Models and Therapeutic Strategies. Vivo. 2017;31(1):1\u201322.","journal-title":"Vivo"},{"issue":"1","key":"2302_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2010.05.006","volume":"128","author":"JM Lopez-Novoa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Rodriguez-Pena AB, Lopez Hernandez FJ. Common pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic kidney disease: Therapeutic perspectives. Pharmacol Ther. 2010;128(1):61\u201381.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"2302_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1038\/nm907","volume":"9","author":"JY Zhou","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhou JY, Payen JF, Wilson DA, Traystman RJ, van Zijl PCM. Using the amide proton signals of intracellular proteins and peptides to detect pH effects in MRI. Nat Med. 2003;9(8):1085\u201390.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2302_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2021.11.015","volume":"87","author":"Y Ju","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ju Y, Liu A, Wang Y, Chen L, Wang N, Bu X, et al. Amide proton transfer magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate renal impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease. Magn Reson Imaging. 2022;87:177\u201382.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2302_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2023.07.005","volume":"103","author":"Y Ju","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ju Y, Wang Y, Luo RN, Wang N, Wang JZ, Lin LJ, et al. Evaluation of renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) by mDIXON-Quant and Amide Proton Transfer weighted (APTw) imaging. Magn Reson Imaging. 2023;103:102\u20138.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2302_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han JH, Jeong SH, Han S, Yuk HD, Ku JH, Kwak C et al. Association between decreased ipsilateral renal function and aggressive behavior in renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 2022;22(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-10268-1"},{"key":"2302_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2022.04.008","volume":"40","author":"N Rathi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rathi N, Yasuda Y, Palacios DA, Attawettayanon W, Li JB, Bhindi B, et al. Split Renal Function Is Fundamentally Important for Predicting Functional Recovery After Radical Nephrectomy. Eur Urol Open Sci. 2022;40:112\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Open Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2302_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.23876\/j.krcp.22.159","volume":"42","author":"C Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang C, Li SW, Zhong X, Liu B-C, Lv LL. An update on renal fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies with a focus on extracellular vesicles. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2023;42(2):174\u201387.","journal-title":"Kidney Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"2302_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1159\/000536232","volume":"55","author":"D Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao D, Wang W, Niu YY, Ren XH, Shen AJ, Xiang YS, et al. Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Application in Renal Fibrosis: A Radiological-Pathological-Based Analysis. Am J Nephrol. 2024;55(3):334\u201344.","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2302_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25915","volume":"47","author":"J-G Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang J-G, Xing Z-Y, Zha T-T, Tian X-J, Du Y-N, Chen J, et al. Longitudinal Assessment of Rabbit Renal Fibrosis Induced by Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Using Two-Dimensional Susceptibility Weighted Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2018;47(6):1572\u20137.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"2302_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2353040554","volume":"235","author":"HC Thoeny","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thoeny HC, De Keyzer F, Oyen RH, Peeters RR. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of kidneys in healthy volunteers and patients with parenchymal diseases: Initial experience. Radiology. 2005;235(3):911\u20137.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2302_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2413060103","volume":"241","author":"HC Thoeny","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thoeny HC, Zumstein D, Simon-Zoula S, Eisenberger U, De Keyzer F, Hofmann L, et al. Functional evaluation of transplanted kidneys with diffusion-weighted and BOLD MR imaging: Initial experience. Radiology. 2006;241(3):812\u201321.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2302_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedli I, Crowe LA, Berchtold L, Moll S, Hadaya K, de Perrot T, et al. New magnetic resonance imaging index for renal fibrosis assessment: a comparison between diffusion-weighted imaging and T1 mapping with histological validation. Sci Rep. 2016;6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30088"},{"issue":"3","key":"2302_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20979","volume":"26","author":"Y Xu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Xu Y, Wang X, Jiang X. Relationship between the renal apparent diffusion coefficient and glomerular filtration rate: Preliminary experience. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007;26(3):678\u201381.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"2302_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3326","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5298-6","volume":"28","author":"Y-C Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Y-C, Feng Y, Lu C-Q, Ju S. Renal fat fraction and diffusion tensor imaging in patients with early-stage diabetic nephropathy. Eur Radiol. 2018;28(8):3326\u201334.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2302_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y, Ju Y, An Q, Lin L, Liu AL. mDIXON-Quant for differentiation of renal damage degree in patients with chronic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol. 2023;14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1187042"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02302-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02302-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02302-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T02:35:55Z","timestamp":1777602955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02302-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02302-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University (No. K-W-2023-021) and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The written informed consent was gained from all participants prior to inclusion.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"228"}}