{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:19:46Z","timestamp":1783401586012,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":101,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2024YFA1802701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFA1802701"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82270826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82270826"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-026-02314-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T08:25:28Z","timestamp":1774686328000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Scan-rescan reproducibility and interobserver reliability of T1 and T2 measurements of extraocular muscles using a multi-dynamic multi-echo MRI sequence"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zhiyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luguang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanbai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hefan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meining","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaidong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeke","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingguo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruihua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2314_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-024-01757-x","volume":"15","author":"NM George","year":"2024","unstructured":"George NM, Feeney C, Lee V, Avari P, Ali A, Madani G, et al. Extraocular muscle Diffusion Weighted Imaging as a quantitative metric of posterior orbital involvement in thyroid associated orbitopathy. Insights Imaging. 2024;15:183.","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"2314_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-024-07015-y","volume":"52","author":"H Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li H, Wang Y, Zhou J, You D, Song L, Wang M, et al. Evaluation of fibroinflammatory activity in thyroid eye disease using [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET\/CT: A prospective study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2025;52:1890\u2013900.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2314_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15060347","volume":"15","author":"HJ Shin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shin HJ, Park M, Kang H, Lee AG. Novel Device for Intraoperative Quantitative Measurements of Extraocular Muscle Tensile Strength. Biosens (Basel). 2025;15:347.","journal-title":"Biosens (Basel)"},{"key":"2314_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10010016","volume":"10","author":"K Gontarz-Nowak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gontarz-Nowak K, Szychli\u0144ska M, Matuszewski W, Stefanowicz-Rutkowska M, Bandurska-Stankiewicz E. Current Knowledge on Graves\u2019 Orbitopathy. J Clin Med. 2020;10:16.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2314_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2012(11)18","volume":"67","author":"ACP Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves ACP, Gebrim EMMS, Monteiro MLR. Imaging studies for diagnosing Graves\u2019 orbitopathy and dysthyroid optic neuropathy. Clin (Sao Paulo). 2012;67:1327\u201334.","journal-title":"Clin (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"2314_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-024-01693-w","volume":"15","author":"X-Y Pu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pu X-Y, Chen L, Hu H, Wu Q, Jiang W-H, Lu J-L, et al. Dixon MRI-based quantitative parameters of extraocular muscles, intraorbital fat, and lacrimal glands for staging thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Insights Imaging. 2024;15:136.","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"2314_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991588","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.991588","volume":"13","author":"C Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song C, Luo Y, Yu G, Chen H, Shen J. Current insights of applying MRI in Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:991588.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2314_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-22-814","volume":"13","author":"J Cheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheng J, Zhang X, Lian J, Piao Z, Zhou L, Gou X, et al. Evaluation of activity of Graves\u2019 orbitopathy with multiparameter orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2023;13:3040\u20139.","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"2314_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9074","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09931-3","volume":"33","author":"H Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu H, Zou M, Wu D, Li B, Su Y, Li Y, et al. Quantitative assessment of extraocular muscles in Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy using T1 mapping. Eur Radiol. 2023;33:9074\u201383.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2314_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14178","volume":"92","author":"K Matsuzawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matsuzawa K, Izawa S, Kato A, Fukaya K, Matsumoto K, Okura T, et al. Low signal intensities of MRI T1 mapping predict refractory diplopia in Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol. 2020;92:536\u201344.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"2314_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3981","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11143981","volume":"11","author":"B Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo B, Wang W, Li X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Hu W. Correlation Analysis between Intraocular Pressure and Extraocular Muscles Based on Orbital Magnetic Resonance T2 Mapping in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Patients. J Clin Med. 2022;11:3981.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2314_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28642","volume":"58","author":"Z Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Z, Luo Y, Feng X, Zhang Q, Zhong Q, Weng C, et al. Application of Multiparameter Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Graves\u2019 Ophthalmopathy. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2023;58:1279\u201389.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2314_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614536","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.614536","volume":"12","author":"P Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu P, Luo B, Chen L, Wang Q-X, Yuan G, Jiang G-H, et al. Baseline Volumetric T2 Relaxation Time Histogram Analysis: Can It Be Used to Predict the Response to Intravenous Methylprednisolone Therapy in Patients With Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:614536.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2314_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109839","volume":"142","author":"L Zhai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhai L, Luo B, Wu H, Wang Q, Yuan G, Liu P, et al. Prediction of treatment response to intravenous glucocorticoid in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy using T2 mapping and T2 IDEAL. Eur J Radiol. 2021;142:109839.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2314_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.153.1.6089265","volume":"153","author":"SJ Riederer","year":"1984","unstructured":"Riederer SJ, Suddarth SA, Bobman SA, Lee JN, Wang HZ, MacFall JR. Automated MR image synthesis: feasibility studies. Radiology. 1984;153:203\u20136.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2314_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21165","volume":"57","author":"JBM Warntjes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Warntjes JBM, Dahlqvist O, Lundberg P. Novel method for rapid, simultaneous T1, T2*, and proton density quantification. Magn Reson Med. 2007;57:528\u201337.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"2314_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2015.02.013","volume":"33","author":"W Krauss","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krauss W, Gunnarsson M, Andersson T, Thunberg P. Accuracy and reproducibility of a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging method for concurrent measurements of tissue relaxation times and proton density. Magn Reson Imaging. 2015;33:584\u201391.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2314_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-025-03547-8","volume":"67","author":"S Sharma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sharma S, Nayak A, Thomas B, Kesavadas C, Synthetic MR. Clinical applications in neuroradiology. Neuroradiology. 2025;67:509\u201327.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"2314_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-025-13043-x","volume":"272","author":"T Ladopoulos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ladopoulos T, Abbas Z, Krieger B, Bellenberg B, James JC, Bauer J, et al. Neurological disability and brain grey matter atrophy in primary progressive multiple sclerosis are determined by microstructural lesional changes, but not by lesion load. J Neurol. 2025;272:302.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2314_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-024-01407-1","volume":"34","author":"MS Yildirim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yildirim MS, Schmidbauer VU, Micko A, Lechner L, Weber M, Furtner J, et al. Multi-Dynamic-Multi-Echo-based MRI for the Pre-Surgical Determination of Sellar Tumor Consistency: a Quantitative Approach for Predicting Lesion Resectability. Clin Neuroradiol. 2024;34:663\u201373.","journal-title":"Clin Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2314_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27435","volume":"53","author":"W Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao W, Zhang S, Guo J, Wei X, Li X, Diao Y, et al. Investigation of Synthetic Relaxometry and Diffusion Measures in the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions as Compared to BI-RADS. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2021;53:1118\u201327.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2314_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2025.112069","volume":"186","author":"N Nishizawa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nishizawa N, Yabuuchi H, Nishikawa K, Wada T, Kobayashi K, Tokunaga C, et al. Optimization of shoulder synthetic MRI through post-processing and comparison with conventional MRI. Eur J Radiol. 2025;186:112069.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2314_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y, Cui Y, Cheng Y, Zhou W, Chen X, Jiang Q, et al. Rapid multiparametric quantitative MRI for predicting the activity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: combination with clinical characteristics. Eur Radiol. 2025 ;35:7752\u201364.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-025-11691-1"},{"key":"2314_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.101959","volume":"69","author":"EJ Canales-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Canales-Rodr\u00edguez EJ, Pizzolato M, Piredda GF, Hilbert T, Kunz N, Pot C, et al. Comparison of non-parametric T2 relaxometry methods for myelin water quantification. Med Image Anal. 2021;69:101959.","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"2314_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7082","volume":"42","author":"E Pravat\u00e0","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pravat\u00e0 E, Roccatagliata L, Sormani MP, Carmisciano L, Lienerth C, Sacco R, et al. Dedicated 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit Imaging Improves Demyelinating Lesion Detection in the Anterior Visual Pathways of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2021;42:1061\u20138.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2314_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4232","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25122","volume":"41","author":"T Leutritz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leutritz T, Seif M, Helms G, Samson RS, Curt A, Freund P, et al. Multiparameter mapping of relaxation (R1, R2*), proton density and magnetization transfer saturation at 3 T: A multicenter dual-vendor reproducibility and repeatability study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2020;41:4232\u201347.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2314_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29192","volume":"60","author":"J Zhong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhong J, Liu X, Hu Y, Xing Y, Ding D, Ge X, et al. Robustness of Quantitative Diffusion Metrics from Four Models: A Prospective Study on the Influence of Scan-Rescans, Voxel Size, Coils, and Observers. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2024;60:1470\u201383.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2314_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.29602","volume":"61","author":"M Nowak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nowak M, Henningsson M, Davis T, Chowdhury N, Dennis A, Fernandes C, et al. Repeatability, Reproducibility, and Observer Variability of Cortical T1 Mapping for Renal Tissue Characterization. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2025;61:1914\u201322.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2314_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-023-00954-9","volume":"25","author":"J Gr\u00f6schel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6schel J, Trauzeddel R-F, M\u00fcller M, von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff F, Viezzer D, Hadler T, et al. Multi-site comparison of parametric T1 and T2 mapping: healthy travelling volunteers in the Berlin research network for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (BER-CMR). J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2023;25:47.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"2314_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21635","volume":"60","author":"JBM Warntjes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Warntjes JBM, Leinhard OD, West J, Lundberg P. Rapid magnetic resonance quantification on the brain: Optimization for clinical usage. Magn Reson Med. 2008;60:320\u20139.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"2314_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000510","volume":"54","author":"A Hagiwara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hagiwara A, Hori M, Cohen-Adad J, Nakazawa M, Suzuki Y, Kasahara A, et al. Linearity, Bias, Intrascanner Repeatability, and Interscanner Reproducibility of Quantitative Multidynamic Multiecho Sequence for Rapid Simultaneous Relaxometry at 3 T: A Validation Study With a Standardized Phantom and Healthy Controls. Invest Radiol. 2019;54:39\u201347.","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"2314_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-022-01128-0","volume":"45","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng Z, Yang J, Zhang D, Ma J, Yin H, Liu Y, et al. The effect of scan parameters on T1, T2 relaxation times measured with multi-dynamic multi-echo sequence: a phantom study. Phys Eng Sci Med. 2022;45:657\u201364.","journal-title":"Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"key":"2314_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.mp.2018-0010","volume":"18","author":"KM Kang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kang KM, Choi SH, Kim H, Hwang M, Yo R-E, Yun TJ, et al. The Effect of Varying Slice Thickness and Interslice Gap on T1 and T2 Measured with the Multidynamic Multiecho Sequence. Magn Reson Med Sci. 2019;18:126\u201333.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci"},{"key":"2314_CR34","unstructured":"Altman DG. Practical statistics for medical research. Chapman & Hall\/CRC; 1991."},{"key":"2314_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2025.112136","volume":"188","author":"D Xia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xia D, Chew SP, Zhang H, Li R, Sun J, Li Y, et al. Contrast-enhanced orbital MRI for activity assessment and treatment response prediction in thyroid eye disease. Eur J Radiol. 2025;188:112136.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2314_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4161","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2025.3545138","volume":"29","author":"C Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen C, Deng M, Zhong Y, Cai J, Chan KKW, Dou Q, et al. Multi-Organ Segmentation From Partially Labeled and Unaligned Multi-Modal MRI in Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy. IEEE J Biomed Health Inf. 2025;29:4161\u201372.","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inf"},{"key":"2314_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-10868-4","volume":"35","author":"L Zhai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhai L, Li F, Luo B, Wang Q, Wu H, Zhao Y, et al. Fat-suppression T2 relaxation time and water fraction predict response to intravenous glucocorticoid therapy for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Eur Radiol. 2025;35:957\u201367.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2314_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200685","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20200685","volume":"94","author":"M Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng M, Gromski MA, Fogel EL, DeWitt JM, Patel AA, Tirkes T. T1 mapping for the diagnosis of early chronic pancreatitis: correlation with Cambridge classification system. Br J Radiol. 2021;94:20200685.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"2314_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.12.001","volume":"9","author":"VO Puntmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Puntmann VO, Carr-White G, Jabbour A, Yu C-Y, Gebker R, Kelle S, et al. T1-Mapping and Outcome in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy: All-Cause Mortality and Heart Failure. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;9:40\u201350.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2314_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-019-02382-9","volume":"45","author":"DH Hoffman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoffman DH, Ayoola A, Nickel D, Han F, Chandarana H, Shanbhogue KP. T1 mapping, T2 mapping and MR elastography of the liver for detection and staging of liver fibrosis. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2020;45:692\u2013700.","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"2314_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2575710","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2575710","volume":"2020","author":"L Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen L, Chen W, Chen H-H, Wu Q, Xu X-Q, Hu H, et al. Radiological Staging of Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy: Comparison of T1 Mapping with Conventional MRI. Int J Endocrinol. 2020;2020:2575710.","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2314_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02873-0","volume":"75","author":"R Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma R, Geng Y, Gan L, Peng Z, Cheng J, Guo J, et al. Quantitative T1 mapping MRI for the assessment of extraocular muscle fibrosis in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Endocrine. 2022;75:456\u201364.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2314_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-022-00866-0","volume":"24","author":"AT O\u2019Brien","year":"2022","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien AT, Gil KE, Varghese J, Simonetti OP, Zareba KM. T2 mapping in myocardial disease: a comprehensive review. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2022;24:33.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"2314_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.104542","volume":"21","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou Q, Zhao X, Wang M, Li Y, Yang Z, Liu W, et al. Combined Use of Magnetization Transfer Ratio and T2-Mapping to Evaluate Extraocular Muscle Pathophysiology in Myasthenia Gravis with Ophthalmoparesis. Int J Med Sci. 2024;21:2799\u2013806.","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"2314_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1177\/02841851241248640","volume":"65","author":"L Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang L, Dai X, Su J, Yang S, Zheng Y, Ma M, et al. Performance of T2 mapping in the staging of Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy based on different region of interest selection methods. Acta Radiol. 2024;65:835\u201340.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"2314_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31932","volume":"10","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Feng X, Guo Y, Kang X, Wang D, Zhang J, et al. Efficacy of rituximab in treating steroid-resistant Graves\u2019 orbitopathy in active moderate-to-severe and sight-threatening forms: A retrospective observation from China. Heliyon. 2024;10:e31932.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2314_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-018-0304-z","volume":"33","author":"T Das","year":"2019","unstructured":"Das T, Roos JCP, Patterson AJ, Graves MJ, Murthy R. T2-relaxation mapping and fat fraction assessment to objectively quantify clinical activity in thyroid eye disease: an initial feasibility study. Eye (Lond). 2019;33:235\u201343.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02314-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02314-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02314-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:04:22Z","timestamp":1783400662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02314-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02314-2","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-8076983\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was performed in accordance with the second Helsinki declaration and was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee, Shanghai General Hospital (2023SQ098). All participants provided written informed consents before voluntary participation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent for publication was obtained from all authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"331"}}