{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:51:07Z","timestamp":1788871867490,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-026-02394-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T03:45:41Z","timestamp":1777952741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pre-treatment prediction of microsatellite instability in colon cancer: a nomogram model combining clinicopathological features and pre-treatment CT-based radiomics"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congzhen","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weizhi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2394_CR1","first-page":"394","volume":"68","author":"F Bray","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394\u2013424.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"2394_CR2","first-page":"7","volume":"70","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70(1):7\u201330.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"10207","key":"2394_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32319-0","volume":"394","author":"E Dekker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dekker E, Tanis PJ, Vleugels JLA, et al. Colorectal cancer. Lancet. 2019;394(10207):1467\u201380.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"2394_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001474","volume":"134","author":"W Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao W, Chen HD, Yu YW, et al. Changing profiles of cancer burden worldwide and in China: a secondary analysis of the global cancer statistics 2020. Chin Med J (Engl). 2021;134(7):783\u201391.","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2394_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5328","volume":"93","author":"K S\u00f6reide","year":"2006","unstructured":"S\u00f6reide K, Janssen EA, S\u00f6iland H, et al. Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. Br J Surg. 2006;93(4):395\u2013406.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"5109","key":"2394_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8484121","volume":"260","author":"LA Aaltonen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Aaltonen LA, Peltom\u00e4ki P, Leach FS, et al. Clues to the pathogenesis of familial colorectal cancer. Science. 1993;260(5109):812\u20136.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9\u2013s","key":"2394_CR7","first-page":"97","volume":"89","author":"GL De\u2019 Angelis","year":"2018","unstructured":"De\u2019 Angelis GL, Bottarelli L, Azzoni C, et al. Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. Acta Biomed. 2018;89(9\u2013s):97\u2013101.","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"issue":"5","key":"2394_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00064-4","volume":"22","author":"T Andre","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andre T, Amonkar M, Norquist JM, et al. Health-related quality of life in patients with microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair deficient metastatic colorectal cancer treated with first-line pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy (KEYNOTE-177): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22(5):665\u201377.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2394_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-019-01620-7","volume":"55","author":"Y Eso","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eso Y, Shimizu T, Takeda H, et al. Microsatellite instability and immune checkpoint inhibitors: toward precision medicine against gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary cancers. J Gastroenterol. 2020;55(1):15\u201326.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2394_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2018.05.002","volume":"55","author":"W Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang W, Kandimalla R, Huang H, et al. Molecular subtyping of colorectal cancer: Recent progress, new challenges and emerging opportunities. Semin Cancer Biol. 2019;55:37\u201352.","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2394_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11523-019-00690-0","volume":"15","author":"R Cohen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cohen R, Rousseau B, Vidal J, et al. Immune checkpoint inhibition in colorectal cancer: Microsatellite instability and beyond. Target Oncol. 2020;15(1):11\u201324.","journal-title":"Target Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2394_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-010-0982-7","volume":"17","author":"JW Huh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Huh JW, Kim HR, Kim YJ. Prognostic value of perineural invasion in patients with stage II colorectal cancer[J]. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17(8):2066\u201372.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2394_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.21147\/j.issn.1000-9604.2018.01.05","volume":"30","author":"Y Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang Y, He L, Dong D, et al. Individualized prediction of perineural invasion in colorectal cancer: development and validation of a radiomics prediction model[J]. Chin J Cancer Res. 2018;30(1):40\u201350.","journal-title":"Chin J Cancer Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2394_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2019.03.023","volume":"74","author":"PJ Brown","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brown PJ, Hyland R, Quyn AJ, et al. Current concepts in imaging for local staging of advanced rectal cancer[J]. Clin Radiol. 2019;74(8):623\u201336.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2394_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.073015","volume":"55","author":"R Jover","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jover R, Zapater P, Castells A, et al. Mismatch repair status in the prediction of benefit from adjuvant fluorouracil chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Gut. 2006;55(6):848\u201355.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"2394_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1134\/S1607672921020095","volume":"497","author":"OV Kovaleva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kovaleva OV, Rashidova MA, Gratchev AN, et al. Immunosuppression Factors PD-1, PD-L1, and IDO1 and Colorectal Cancer. Dokl Biochem Biophys. 2021;497(1):66\u201370.","journal-title":"Dokl Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"7","key":"2394_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-015-0348-2","volume":"16","author":"H Kawakami","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kawakami H, Zaanan A, Sinicrope FA. Microsatellite instability testing and its role in the management of colorectal cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2015;16(7):30.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2394_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-017-0613-8","volume":"12","author":"W Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen W, Swanson BJ, Frankel WL. Molecular genetics of microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer for pathologists. Diagn Pathol. 2017;12(1):24.","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2394_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000530","volume":"54","author":"B Bae\u00dfler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bae\u00dfler B, Weiss K, Pinto Dos Santos D. Robustness and Reproducibility of Radiomics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Phantom Study. Invest Radiol. 2019;54(4):221\u20138.","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2394_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2015.06.007","volume":"41","author":"K Tamas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tamas K, Walenkamp AM, de Vries EG, et al. Rectal and colon cancer: Not just a different anatomic site. Cancer Treat Rev. 2015;41(8):671\u20139.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"2394_CR21","first-page":"734","volume":"41","author":"Consensus on the detection","year":"2019","unstructured":"Consensus on the detection. of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer and other related solid tumors in China. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2019;41(10):734\u201341.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi"},{"issue":"1","key":"2394_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-024-01252-1","volume":"24","author":"X Bian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bian X, Sun Q, Wang M, et al. Preoperative prediction of microsatellite instability status in colorectal cancer based on a multiphasic enhanced CT radiomics nomogram model. BMC Med Imaging. 2024;24(1):77.","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"issue":"18","key":"2394_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.08.003","volume":"184","author":"K Pelka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pelka K, Hofree M, Chen JH, et al. Spatially organized multicellular immune hubs in human colorectal cancer. Cell. 2021;184(18):4734\u201352.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"2394_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00091-8","volume":"9","author":"D Wankhede","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wankhede D, Yuan T, Kloor M, et al. Clinical significance of combined tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and microsatellite instability status in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024;9(7):609\u201319.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2394_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-023-00591-6","volume":"23","author":"S Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen S, Du W, Cao Y, et al. Preoperative contrast-enhanced CT imaging and clinicopathological characteristics analysis of mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer. Cancer Imaging. 2023;23(1):97.","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"2394_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds614","volume":"24","author":"MA Merok","year":"2013","unstructured":"Merok MA, Ahlquist T, R\u00f8yrvik EC, et al. Microsatellite instability has a positive prognostic impact on stage II colorectal cancer after complete resection: results from a large, consecutive Norwegian series. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(5):1274\u201382.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2394_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.08.058","volume":"164","author":"P Peltom\u00e4ki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peltom\u00e4ki P, Nystr\u00f6m M, Mecklin JP, et al. Lynch Syndrome Genetics and Clinical Implications. Gastroenterology. 2023;164(5):783\u201399.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2394_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang CC, Lin PC, Lin CC, et al. Molecular and clinicopathological differences by age at the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(7).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071441"},{"key":"2394_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filitto G, Coppola F, Curti N, et al. Automated prediction of the response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients affected by rectal cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(9).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14092231"},{"key":"2394_CR30","first-page":"687","volume":"11","author":"Y Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao Y, Zhang G, Zhang J, et al. Predicting Microsatellite Instability Status in Colorectal Cancer Based on Triphasic Enhanced Computed Tomography Radiomics Signatures: A Multicenter Study. Front Oncol. 2021;11:687\u2013771.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2394_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-023-04099-2","volume":"49","author":"Y Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma Y, Xu X, Lin Y, et al. An integrative clinical and CT-based tumoral\/peritumoral radiomics nomogram to predict the microsatellite instability in rectal carcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2024;49(3):783\u201390.","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2394_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1102\/1470-7330.2010.0021","volume":"10","author":"B Ganeshan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ganeshan B, Abaleke S, Young RC, et al. Texture analysis of non-small cell lung cancer on unenhanced computed tomography: initial evidence for a relationship with tumour glucose metabolism and stage. Cancer Imaging. 2010;10(1):137\u201343.","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"2394_CR33","first-page":"130","volume":"111","author":"F Vernuccio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vernuccio F, Cannella R, Comelli A, et al. Radiomica e intelligenza artificiale: nuove frontiere in medicina. Recenti Prog Med. 2020;111(3):130\u20135.","journal-title":"Recenti Prog Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2394_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.141","volume":"14","author":"P Lambin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lambin P, Leijenaar RTH, Deist TM, et al. Radiomics: the bridge between medical imaging and personalized medicine. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2017;14(12):749\u201362.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2394_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12123","volume":"44","author":"M Shafiq-Ul-Hassan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shafiq-Ul-Hassan M, Zhang GG, Latifi K, et al. Intrinsic dependencies of CT radiomic features on voxel size and number of gray levels. Med Phys. 2017;44(3):1050\u201362.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"2394_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020191145","volume":"295","author":"A Zwanenburg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zwanenburg A, Valli\u00e8res M, Abdalah MA, et al. The Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative: Standardized Quantitative Radiomics for High-Throughput Image-based Phenotyping. Radiology. 2020;295(2):328\u201338.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2394_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verma V, Simone CB 2nd, Krishnan S, et al. The rise of radiomics and implications for oncologic management. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017;109(7).","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djx055"},{"issue":"12","key":"2394_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.02.009","volume":"26","author":"S Fan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fan S, Li X, Cui X, et al. Computed Tomography-Based Radiomic Features Could Potentially Predict Microsatellite Instability Status in Stage II Colorectal Cancer: A Preliminary Study. Acad Radiol. 2019;26(12):1633\u201340.","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"2394_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy161","volume":"29","author":"R Glynne-Jones","year":"2018","unstructured":"Glynne-Jones R, Wyrwicz L, Tiret E, et al. Rectal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2018;29:263.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2394_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2022.02.012","volume":"19","author":"EK Korngold","year":"2022","unstructured":"Korngold EK, Moreno C, Kim DH, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria Staging of Colorectal Cancer: 2021 Update. J Am Coll Radiol. 2022;19(5):208\u201322.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2394_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)71116-7","volume":"16","author":"VP Balachandran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Balachandran VP, Gonen M, Smith JJ, et al. Nomograms in oncology: more than meets the eye. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(4):173\u201380.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02394-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02394-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02394-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T02:37:09Z","timestamp":1782182229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02394-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02394-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. As a retrospective analysis of previously collected data that did not involve any intervention, it is not classified as a clinical trial and does not require clinical trial registration. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University (Approved Number: KYLL2024486).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable: This study does not include identifiable personal data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"309"}}