{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T09:23:22Z","timestamp":1771493002131,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,28]],"date-time":"2015-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432771200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-015-0164-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]],"date-time":"2015-05-27T10:51:50Z","timestamp":1432723910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Patient-reported outcomes in a large community-based pain medicine practice: evaluation for use in phenotype modeling"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Juckett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred N.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Gostine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Risko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"164_CR1","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine: Relieving Pain in America A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education and Research. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. 2011."},{"key":"164_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.03.009","volume":"13","author":"DJ Gaskin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gaskin DJ, Richard P. The economic costs of pain in the United States. J Pain. 2012;13:715\u201324.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"164_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2014.05.009","volume":"15","author":"J Kennedy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kennedy J, Roll JM, Schraudner T, Murphy S, McPherson S. Prevalence of persistent pain in the U.S. adult population: new data from the 2010 national health interview survey. J Pain. 2014;15:979\u201384.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"164_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2008\/11\/161","volume":"11","author":"L Manchikanti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Manchikanti L. Evidence-based medicine, systematic reviews, and guidelines in interventional pain management, part I: introduction and general considerations. Pain Physician. 2008;11:161\u201386.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"164_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2011.13.2\/npatsopoulos","volume":"13","author":"N Patsopoulos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Patsopoulos N. A pragmatic view on pragmatic trials. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2011;13:217\u201324.","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"164_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-13-48","volume":"13","author":"JL Friedly","year":"2012","unstructured":"Friedly JL, Bresnahan BW, Comstock B, Turner JA, Deyo RA, Sullivan SD, et al. Study protocol- Lumbar Epidural steroid injections for Spinal Stenosis (LESS): a double-blind randomized controlled trial of epidural steroid injections for lumbar spinal stenosis among older adults. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012;13:48.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"164_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.4338\/ACI-2013-12-RA-0105","volume":"5","author":"C Weng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weng C, Li Y, Ryan P, et al. A distribution-based method for assessing the differences between clinical trial target populations and patient populations in electronic health records. Appl Clin Inform. 2014;5:463\u201379.","journal-title":"Appl Clin Inform"},{"key":"164_CR8","first-page":"10(256)","volume":"2012","author":"Schiller JS, Lucas JW, Peregoy JA: Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National Health Interview Survey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schiller JS, Lucas JW, Peregoy JA: Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National Health Interview Survey. National center for health statistics. Vital Health Stat. 2011;2012:10(256).","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"164_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-8-22","volume":"8","author":"IN Sarkar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sarkar IN. Biomedical informatics and translational medicine. J Transl Med. 2010;8:22.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"164_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2010\/13\/305","volume":"13","author":"J Giordano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Giordano J, Abramson K, Boswell MV. Pain assessment: subjectivity, objectivity, and the use of neurotechnology. Pain Physician. 2010;13:305\u201315.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"164_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E35","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2009\/12\/E35","volume":"12","author":"L Manchikanti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Singh V, Datta S, Cohen SP, Hirsch JA. Comprehensive review of epidemiology, scope, and impact of spinal pain. Pain Physician. 2009;12:E35\u201370.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"164_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12075","volume":"14","author":"LR Witkin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Witkin LR, Farrar JT, Ashburn MA. Can assessing chronic pain outcomes data improve outcomes? Pain Med. 2013;14:779\u201391.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"164_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.4.581","volume":"133","author":"RJ Gatchel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gatchel RJ, Peng YB, Peters ML, Fuchs PN, Turk DC. The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: scientific advances and future directions. Psych Bull. 2007;133(4):581\u2013624.","journal-title":"Psych Bull"},{"key":"164_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-012-0298-7","volume":"15","author":"JN Ablin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ablin JN, Buskila D. Personalized treatment of pain. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2013;15:298.","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"164_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2011.12.010","volume":"45","author":"DA Juckett","year":"2012","unstructured":"Juckett DA. Method for determining the number of documents needed for a gold standard corpus. J Biomed Inform. 2012;45:460\u201370.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"164_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis FN, Mossey JM, Gostine ML, Risko R, Cubbage C: Clinical Assessment of Physical and Psychosocial Pathology in Pain Medicine. Pain Med 2012, 13(2): Annual Meeting Abstracts 319.","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.2012.13.issue-2"},{"key":"164_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson PA, Davis FN, Reed PL, Mossey JM, Gostine ML, Risko R: Effect of Pain on Work, Daily Life Tasks, and Activities Among Patients Seeking Treatment for Chronic Pain. Pain Med 2012, 13(2): Annual Meeting Abstracts, 330.","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.2012.13.issue-2"},{"key":"164_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis FN, Risko, R, Lubinsky GT, Cubbage C, Gostine ML: Psychosocial, Functional, and Quality of Life Status Associated with Opioid Risk. Pain Med 2013, 14(4): Annual Meeting Abstracts, 571.","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.2013.14.issue-4"},{"key":"164_CR19","unstructured":"Gostine ML, Davis FN, Gostine A, Lubinsky GT, Gostine D, Risko R: Correlation of Misuse of Narcotics with Opioid Risk Tool and Pain Health Assessment: An Analysis of 16,000 Patients. Pain Med 2013, 14(4): Annual Meeting Abstracts, 573."},{"key":"164_CR20","unstructured":"Gostine ML, Davis FN, Risko, R: Risk assessment in the digital age: Developing meaningful screening tools for opioid prescribers. Practical Pain Management, 14: 56\u201361."},{"key":"164_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-012-9320-5","volume":"20","author":"GJ Sipps","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sipps GJ, Howard LC. Exploratory factor analysis of the pain outcomes profile. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2013;20:64\u201370.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol Med Settings"},{"key":"164_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2013.09.004","volume":"42","author":"KS Jacobs","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jacobs KS, Roodenburg J. The development and validation of the self-report measure of cognitive abilities: a multitrait-multimethod study. Intelligence. 2014;42:5\u201321.","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"key":"164_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2003.08.001","volume":"106","author":"DC Turk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Turk DC, Dworkin RH, Allen RR, Bellamy N, Brandenburg N, Carr DB, et al. Core outcome domains for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations. Pain. 2003;106:337\u201345.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"164_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.09.012","volume":"113","author":"RH Dworkin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dworkin RH, Turk DC, Farrar JT, Haythornthwaite JA, Jensen MP, Katz NP, et al. Core outcome measures for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations. Pain. 2005;113:9\u201319.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"164_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4637.2000.99101.x","volume":"1","author":"WH Rogers","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rogers WH, Wittink HM, Ashburn MA, Cynn D, Carr DB. Using the \u201cTOPS\u201d, an outcomes instrument for multidisciplinary outpatient pain treatment. Pain Med. 2000;1:55\u201367.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"164_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2005.00072.x","volume":"6","author":"LR Webster","year":"2005","unstructured":"Webster LR, Webster RM. Predicting aberrant behaviors in opioid-treated patients: preliminary validation of the opioid risk tool. Pain Med. 2005;6:432\u201342.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"164_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555","volume":"16","author":"L Cronbach","year":"1951","unstructured":"Cronbach L. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika. 1951;16:297\u2013334.","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"164_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr0102_10","volume":"1","author":"RB Cattell","year":"1966","unstructured":"Cattell RB. The scree test for the number of factors. Multivar Behav Res. 1966;1:245\u201376.","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"key":"164_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289447","volume":"30","author":"J Horn","year":"1965","unstructured":"Horn J. A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika. 1965;30:179\u201385.","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"164_CR30","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"A Costello","year":"2005","unstructured":"Costello A, Osborne J. Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Pract Assess Res. 2005;10:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Pract Assess Res"},{"key":"164_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-3-267","volume":"3","author":"TN Beran","year":"2010","unstructured":"Beran TN, Violato C. Structural equation modeling in medical research: a primer. BMC Research Notes. 2010;3:267\u201376.","journal-title":"BMC Research Notes"},{"key":"164_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.44.2.481","volume":"44","author":"EY Mun","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mun EY, von Eye A, Bates ME, Vaschillo EG. Finding groups using model-based cluster analysis: heterogeneous emotional self-regulatory processes and heavy alcohol use risk. Dev Psych. 2008;44:481\u201395.","journal-title":"Dev Psych"},{"key":"164_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.50.5.727","volume":"50","author":"HA Skinner","year":"1982","unstructured":"Skinner HA, Blashfield RK. Increasing the impact of cluster analysis research: the case of psychiatric classification. J Consult Clin Psych. 1982;50:727\u201335.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psych"},{"key":"164_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00101-3","volume":"83","author":"MP Jensen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jensen MP, Turner JA, Romano JM, Fisher LD. Comparative reliability and validity of chronic pain intensity measures. Pain. 1999;83:157\u201362.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"164_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2003.12.005","volume":"5","author":"G Tan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tan G, Jensen MP, Thornby JI, Shanti BF. Validation of the brief pain inventory for chronic nonmalignant pain. J Pain. 2004;5:133\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"164_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.04.029","volume":"154","author":"JA Turner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Turner JA, Shortreed SM, Saunders KW, Leresche L, Berlin JA, Von Korff M. Optimizing prediction of back pain outcomes. Pain. 2013;154:1391\u2013401.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"164_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S155","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2008\/11\/S155","volume":"1","author":"L Manchikanti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Atluri S, Trescot AM, Giordano J. Monitoring opioid adherence in chronic pain patients: tools, techniques, and utility. Pain Physician. 2008;1:S155\u201380.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"164_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/371","volume":"15","author":"L Manchikanti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Cash KA, McManus CD, Pampati V, Fellows B. Results of 2-year follow-up of a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of fluoroscopic caudal epidural injections in central spinal stenosis. Pain Physician. 2012;15:371\u201384.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12911-015-0164-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-015-0164-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-015-0164-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-015-0164-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T03:33:42Z","timestamp":1748403222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12911-015-0164-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,28]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-015-0164-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 December 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"41"}}