{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T07:59:46Z","timestamp":1772783986028,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-017-0449-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,18]],"date-time":"2017-05-18T07:48:53Z","timestamp":1495093733000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Network mirroring for drug repositioning"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sunghong","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-gi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunjung","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"449_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.01127.x","volume":"162","author":"J Hughes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hughes J, Rees S, Kalindjian S, Philpott K. Principles of early drug discovery. Br J Pharmacol. 2011;162(6):1239\u201349.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"449_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1468","volume":"3","author":"TT Ashburn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ashburn TT, Thor KB. Drug repositioning: identifying and developing new uses for existing drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2004;3(8):673\u201383.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"3","key":"449_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3681","volume":"11","author":"JW Scannell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scannell JW, Blanckley A, Boldon H, Warrington B. Diagnosing the decline in pharmaceutical R&D efficiency. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2012;11(3):191\u2013200.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"19","key":"449_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2012.05.007","volume":"17","author":"I Khanna","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khanna I. Drug discovery in pharmaceutical industry: productivity challenges and trends. Drug Discov Today. 2012;17(19):1088\u2013102.","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"449_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barratt MJ, Frail DE. Drug repositioning: Bringing new life to shelved assets and existing drugs. Wiley; 2012.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118274408"},{"issue":"20","key":"449_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199805143382001","volume":"338","author":"I Goldstein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Goldstein I, Lue TF, Padma-Nathan H, Rosen RC, Steers WD, Wicker PA. Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(20):1397\u2013404.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"449_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199911183412102","volume":"341","author":"S Singhal","year":"1999","unstructured":"Singhal S, Mehta J, Desikan R, Ayers D, Roberson P, Eddlemon P, Munshi N, Anaissie E, Wilson C, Dhodapkar M. Antitumor activity of thalidomide in refractory multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(21):1565\u201371.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"449_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dudley JT, Deshpande T, Butte AJ. Exploiting drug\u2013disease relationships for computational drug repositioning. Brief Bioinform. 2011;12(4):303\u201311.","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbr013"},{"key":"449_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hurle M, Yang L, Xie Q, Rajpal D, Sanseau P, Agarwal P. Computational drug repositioning: from data to therapeutics. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2013;93(4):335\u201341.","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2013.1"},{"issue":"5795","key":"449_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1132939","volume":"313","author":"J Lamb","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lamb J, Crawford ED, Peck D, Modell JW, Blat IC, Wrobel MJ, Lerner J, Brunet J-P, Subramanian A, Ross KN. The Connectivity Map: using gene-expression signatures to connect small molecules, genes, and disease. Science. 2006;313(5795):1929\u201335.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7270","key":"449_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08506","volume":"462","author":"MJ Keiser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Keiser MJ, Setola V, Irwin JJ, Laggner C, Abbas AI, Hufeisen SJ, Jensen NH, Kuijer MB, Matos RC, Tran TB. Predicting new molecular targets for known drugs. Nature. 2009;462(7270):175\u201381.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"449_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000938","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000938","volume":"6","author":"RL Chang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chang RL, Xie L, Xie L, Bourne PE, Palsson B\u00d8. Drug off-target effects predicted using structural analysis in the context of a metabolic network model. PLoS Comput Biol. 2010;6(9):e1000938.","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"449_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2009.103","volume":"86","author":"AP Chiang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chiang AP, Butte AJ. Systematic evaluation of drug-disease relationships to identify leads for novel drug uses. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;86(5):507.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"5886","key":"449_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1158140","volume":"321","author":"M Campillos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Campillos M, Kuhn M, Gavin A-C, Jensen LJ, Bork P. Drug target identification using side-effect similarity. Science. 2008;321(5886):263\u20136.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"449_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2012.08.005","volume":"18","author":"Z Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu Z, Fang H, Reagan K, Xu X, Mendrick DL, Slikker W, Tong W. In silico drug repositioning\u2013what we need to know. Drug Discov Today. 2013;18(3):110\u20135.","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"issue":"10","key":"449_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1338","volume":"25","author":"MA Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","year":"2007","unstructured":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m MA, Goh K-I, Cusick ME, Barab\u00e1si A-L, Vidal M. Drug\u2014target network. Nat Biotechnol. 2007;25(10):1119\u201326.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"449_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000662","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000662","volume":"6","author":"S Suthram","year":"2010","unstructured":"Suthram S, Dudley JT, Chiang AP, Chen R, Hastie TJ, Butte AJ. Network-based elucidation of human disease similarities reveals common functional modules enriched for pluripotent drug targets. PLoS Comput Biol. 2010;6(2):e1000662.","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"449_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000353","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000353","volume":"5","author":"CA Hidalgo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hidalgo CA, Blumm N, Barab\u00e1si A-L, Christakis NA. A dynamic network approach for the study of human phenotypes. PLoS Comput Biol. 2009;5(4):e1000353.","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"449_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22670","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022670","volume":"6","author":"DA Davis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Davis DA, Chawla NV. Exploring and exploiting disease interactions from multi-relational gene and phenotype networks. PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e22670.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"449_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4346","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004346","volume":"4","author":"Y Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li Y, Agarwal P. A pathway-based view of human diseases and disease relationships. PLoS One. 2009;4(2):e4346.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"449_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nam Y, Kim M, Lee K, Shin H. CLASH: Complementary linkage with anchoring and scoring for heterogeneous BioMolecular and clinical data. BMC Med inform decis making. 2016;16(Suppl 3):72.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-016-0315-2"},{"key":"449_CR22","volume-title":"Proc of 4th Translational Bioinformatics Conference (TBC) 2014 [US Patent-14\/920447]","author":"H Shin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shin H, Nam Y, Lee D-g, Bang S. The Translational Disease Network\u2014from proetin Interatction to Disease Co-occurrence. In: Proc of 4th Translational Bioinformatics Conference (TBC) 2014 [US Patent-14\/920447]. 2014."},{"issue":"7","key":"449_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2011.30","volume":"19","author":"X Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang X, Zhang R, Jiang Y, Sun P, Tang G, Wang X, Lv H, Li X. The expanded human disease network combining protein\u2013protein interaction information. Eur J Hum Genet. 2011;19(7):783\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"449_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0504-431","volume":"36","author":"KG Becker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Becker KG, Barnes KC, Bright TJ, Wang SA. The genetic association database. Nat Genet. 2004;36(5):431\u20132.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"449_CR25","first-page":"D514","volume":"33","author":"A Hamosh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hamosh A, Scott AF, Amberger JS, Bocchini CA, McKusick VA. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), a knowledgebase of human genes and genetic disorders. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005;33(suppl 1):D514\u20137.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"D1","key":"449_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1104","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks994","volume":"41","author":"AP Davis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Davis AP, Murphy CG, Johnson R, Lay JM, Lennon-Hopkins K, Saraceni-Richards C, Sciaky D, King BL, Rosenstein MC, Wiegers TC. The comparative toxicogenomics database: update 2013. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013;41(D1):D1104\u201314.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"449_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2012.96","volume":"92","author":"M Whirl-Carrillo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Whirl-Carrillo M, McDonagh E, Hebert J, Gong L, Sangkuhl K, Thorn C, Altman R, Klein TE. Pharmacogenomics knowledge for personalized medicine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2012;92(4):414.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"449_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.1.412","volume":"30","author":"X Chen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ. TTD: therapeutic target database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002;30(1):412\u20135.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"449_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alberts B, Bray D, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Watson JD, Grimstone A. Molecular Biology of the Cell (3rd edn). Trends Biochem Sci. 1995;20(5):210\u20130.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(00)89011-8"},{"key":"449_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bau124","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/bau124","volume":"2014","author":"Y Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wei Q, Yu G, Gai W, Li Y, Chen X. DCDB 2.0: a major update of the drug combination database. Database. 2014;2014:bau124.","journal-title":"Database"},{"key":"449_CR31","unstructured":"Jaccard P. Distribution de la flore alpine dans le bassin des Dranses et dans quelques r\u00e9gions voisines. Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat.\u00a01901;37:241\u201372."},{"key":"449_CR32","volume-title":"IBM internal report","author":"TT Tanimoto","year":"1957","unstructured":"Tanimoto TT. IBM internal report. 1957."},{"key":"449_CR33","unstructured":"Kullback S. Information theory and statistics. Courier Corporation; 1997."},{"issue":"1","key":"449_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729694","volume":"22","author":"S Kullback","year":"1951","unstructured":"Kullback S, Leibler RA. On information and sufficiency. Ann Math Stat. 1951;22(1):79\u201386.","journal-title":"Ann Math Stat"},{"issue":"9","key":"449_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1109\/29.60089","volume":"38","author":"E Weinstein","year":"1990","unstructured":"Weinstein E, Feder M, Oppenheim AV. Sequential algorithms for parameter estimation based on the Kullback-Leibler information measure. IEEE Trans Acoust Speech Signal Process. 1990;38(9):1652\u20134.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Acoust Speech Signal Process"},{"key":"449_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262033589.001.0001","volume-title":"Semi-supervised learning. 2006","author":"O Chapelle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chapelle O, Scholkopf B, Zien A. Semi-supervised learning. 2006. Cambridge: The MIT Press View Article Google Scholar; 2006."},{"issue":"4","key":"449_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2012-001570","volume":"20","author":"J Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim J, Shin H. Breast cancer survivability prediction using labeled, unlabeled, and pseudo-labeled patient data. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2013;20(4):613\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"449_CR38","first-page":"265","volume":"88","author":"CE Lipscomb","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lipscomb CE. Medical subject headings (MeSH). Bull Med Libr Assoc. 2000;88(3):265.","journal-title":"Bull Med Libr Assoc"},{"key":"449_CR39","unstructured":"PharmDB [ http:\/\/pharmdb.org ]. Accessed 11 Jan 2016."},{"key":"449_CR40","volume-title":"Evaluation: from precision, recall and F-measure to ROC, informedness, markedness and correlation","author":"DM Powers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Powers DM. Evaluation: from precision, recall and F-measure to ROC, informedness, markedness and correlation. 2011."},{"issue":"9503","key":"449_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67889-0","volume":"366","author":"CP Ferri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ferri CP, Prince M, Brayne C, Brodaty H, Fratiglioni L, Ganguli M, Hall K, Hasegawa K, Hendrie H, Huang Y. Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study. Lancet. 2006;366(9503):2112\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"449_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.11.007","volume":"9","author":"M Prince","year":"2013","unstructured":"Prince M, Bryce R, Albanese E, Wimo A, Ribeiro W, Ferri CP. The global prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Alzheimers Dement. 2013;9(1):63\u201375:e62.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"6","key":"449_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.09.019","volume":"50","author":"DE Irwin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Irwin DE, Milsom I, Hunskaar S, Reilly K, Kopp Z, Herschorn S, Coyne K, Kelleher C, Hampel C, Artibani W. Population-based survey of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and other lower urinary tract symptoms in five countries: results of the EPIC study. Eur Urol. 2006;50(6):1306\u201315.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"6250","key":"449_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.281.6250.1243","volume":"281","author":"TM Thomas","year":"1980","unstructured":"Thomas TM, Plymat KR, Blannin J, Meade T. Prevalence of urinary incontinence. Br Med J. 1980;281(6250):1243\u20135.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"449_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-011-9550-2","volume":"45","author":"EC Finger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Finger EC. New potential therapeutic approaches in frontotemporal dementia: oxytocin, vasopressin, and social cognition. J Mol Neurosci. 2011;45(3):696\u2013701.","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"449_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12960","volume":"133","author":"L Adwan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adwan L, Subaiea GM, Basha R, Zawia NH. Tolfenamic acid reduces tau and CDK5 levels: implications for dementia and tauopathies. J Neurochem. 2015;133(2):266\u201372.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"449_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000194318.74946.b6","volume":"66","author":"S Hersch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hersch S, Gevorkian S, Marder K, Moskowitz C, Feigin A, Cox M, Como P, Zimmerman C, Lin M, Zhang L. Creatine in Huntington disease is safe, tolerable, bioavailable in brain and reduces serum 8OH2\u2032 dG. Neurology. 2006;66(2):250\u20132.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"449_CR48","first-page":"D54","volume":"33","author":"D Maglott","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maglott D, Ostell J, Pruitt KD, Tatusova T. Entrez Gene: gene-centered information at NCBI. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005;33 suppl 1:D54\u20138.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"449_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y, Suzek T, Zhang J, Wang J, He S, Cheng T, Shoemaker BA, Gindulyte A, Bryant SH. PubChem bioassay: 2014 update. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013;gkt978.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt978"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"449_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D781","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp934","volume":"38","author":"E Lim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lim E, Pon A, Djoumbou Y, Knox C, Shrivastava S, Guo AC, Neveu V, Wishart DS. T3DB: a comprehensively annotated database of common toxins and their targets. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38(suppl 1):D781\u20136.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"449_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D668","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkj067","volume":"34","author":"DS Wishart","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Shrivastava S, Hassanali M, Stothard P, Chang Z, Woolsey J. DrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006;34(suppl 1):D668\u201372.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"D1","key":"449_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1100","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr777","volume":"40","author":"A Gaulton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gaulton A, Bellis LJ, Bento AP, Chambers J, Davies M, Hersey A, Light Y, McGlinchey S, Michalovich D, Al-Lazikani B. ChEMBL: a large-scale bioactivity database for drug discovery. Nucleic Acids Res. 2012;40(D1):D1100\u20137.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"449_CR53","first-page":"D919","volume":"36","author":"S G\u00fcnther","year":"2008","unstructured":"G\u00fcnther S, Kuhn M, Dunkel M, Campillos M, Senger C, Petsalaki E, Ahmed J, Urdiales EG, Gewiess A, Jensen LJ. SuperTarget and Matador: resources for exploring drug-target relationships. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008;36(suppl 1):D919\u201322.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-017-0449-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T20:08:40Z","timestamp":1569355720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12911-017-0449-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["449"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-017-0449-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"article-number":"55"}}