{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T12:14:25Z","timestamp":1762604065032},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S2","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-017-0466-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,4]],"date-time":"2017-07-04T13:30:33Z","timestamp":1499175033000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["An active learning-enabled annotation system for clinical named entity recognition"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yukun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Lask","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qiaozhu","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qingxia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sungrim","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jingqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ky","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tolulola","family":"Dawodu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joshua C.","family":"Denny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"466_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lewis DD, Gale WA. \u201cA sequential algorithm for training text classifiers,\u201d Proceedings of the ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 3\u201312, 1994.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-2099-5_1"},{"key":"466_CR2","unstructured":"Zhu J, Hovy E. \u201cActive Learning for Word Sense Disambiguation with Methods for Addressing the Class Imbalance Problem,\u201d Proceedings of the 2007 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning, pp. 783\u2013790, 2007."},{"issue":"1","key":"466_CR3","first-page":"45","volume":"2","author":"S Tong","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tong S, Koller D. \u201cSupport vector machine active learning with applications to text classification,\u201d (in English). J Mach Lear Res. 2002;2(1):45\u201366.","journal-title":"J Mach Lear Res"},{"key":"466_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Settles B, and Craven M.\u201c An analysis of active learning strategies for sequence labeling tasks,\u201d Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1069\u20131078, 2008.","DOI":"10.3115\/1613715.1613855"},{"issue":"5","key":"466_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000648","volume":"19","author":"RL Figueroa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Figueroa RL, Zeng-Treitler Q, Ngo LH, Goryachev S, Wiechmann EP. \u201cActive learning for clinical text classification: is it better than random sampling?,\u201d (in eng). J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2012;19(5):809\u201316.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"466_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2011.11.003","volume":"45","author":"Y Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen Y, Mani S, Xu H. \u201cApplying active learning to assertion classification of concepts in clinical text,\u201d (in eng). J Biomed Inform. 2012;45(2):265\u201372.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"466_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen Y, Cao H, Mei Q, Zheng K, Xu H. \u201cApplying active learning to supervised word sense disambiguation in MEDLINE,\u201d (in Eng), J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2013;20(5):1001-6. doi:\n10.1136\/amiajnl-2012-001244\n\n.","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2012-001244"},{"issue":"e2","key":"466_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e253","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-001945","volume":"20","author":"Y Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen Y, et al. \u201cApplying active learning to high-throughput phenotyping algorithms for electronic health records data,\u201d (in eng). J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2013;20(e2):e253\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"466_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2015.09.010","volume":"58","author":"Y Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen Y, Lasko TA, Mei Q, Denny JC, Xu H. \u201cA study of active learning methods for named entity recognition in clinical text,\u201d. J Biomed Inform. 2015;58:11\u20138.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"466_CR10","unstructured":"Settles B, Craven M, Friedland L. \u201cActive learning with real annotation costs,\u201d in In Proceedings of the NIPS Workshop on Cost-Sensitive Learning, 2008, pp. pages 1\u201310"},{"key":"466_CR11","volume-title":"presented at the Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"B Settles","year":"2011","unstructured":"Settles B. \u201cClosing the loop: fast, interactive semi-supervised annotation with queries on features and instances,\u201d. In: presented at the Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. United Kingdom: Edinburgh; 2011."},{"key":"466_CR12","volume-title":"presented at the Proceedings of the Demonstrations at the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"P Stenetorp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stenetorp P, et al. \u201cBRAT: a web-based tool for NLP-assisted text annotation\u201d. In: presented at the Proceedings of the Demonstrations at the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics. France: Avignon; 2012."},{"issue":"5","key":"466_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000163","volume":"18","author":"M Jiang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jiang M, et al. \u201cA study of machine-learning-based approaches to extract clinical entities and their assertions from discharge summaries,\u201d (in eng). J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2011;18(5):601\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"466_CR14","first-page":"993","volume":"3","author":"DM Blei","year":"2003","unstructured":"Blei DM, Ng AY, Jordan MI. \u201cLatent dirichlet allocation\u201d. J Mach Learn Res. 2003;3:993\u20131022.","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"issue":"5814","key":"466_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1136800","volume":"315","author":"BJ Frey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Frey BJ, Dueck D. \u201cClustering by passing messages between data points,\u201d (in eng). Science. 2007;315(5814):972\u20136.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"466_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.2010.003947","volume":"17","author":"O Uzuner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Uzuner O, Solti I, Cadag E. \u201cExtracting medication information from clinical text,\u201d (in eng). J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2010;17(5):514\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"466_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000203","volume":"18","author":"O Uzuner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Uzuner O, South BR, Shen S, DuVall SL. \u201c2010 i2b2\/VA challenge on concepts, assertions, and relations in clinical text,\u201d (in eng). J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2011;18(5):552\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-017-0466-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]],"date-time":"2017-07-06T07:44:23Z","timestamp":1499327063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12911-017-0466-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-017-0466-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"article-number":"82"}}