{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T14:25:55Z","timestamp":1768400755468,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/K006665\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/K006665\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-018-0589-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]],"date-time":"2018-02-12T13:02:27Z","timestamp":1518440547000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Presentation of laboratory test results in patient portals: influence of interface design on risk interpretation and visual search behaviour"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5213-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Fraccaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Markel","family":"Vigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Balatsoukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sabine N.","family":"van der Veer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lamiece","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Grahame","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Smeeta","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Iain","family":"Buchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Peek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"589_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-002068","volume":"21","author":"C Pearce","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pearce C, Bainbridge M. A personally controlled electronic health record for Australia. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2014;21:707\u201313. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-002068 .","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"589_CR2","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine (USA). Achieve Meaningful use - Stage 2. http:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/6qBAzdht7 ."},{"key":"589_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-8-33","volume":"8","author":"S Urowitz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Urowitz S, Wiljer D, Apatu E, Eysenbach G, Delenardo C, Harth T, et al. Is Canada ready for patient accessible electronic health records? A national scan BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2008;8:33. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6947-8-33 .","journal-title":"A national scan BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"589_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1258\/shorts.2012.012009","volume":"3","author":"C Pagliari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pagliari C, Shand T, Fisher B. Embedding online patient record access in UK primary care: a survey of stakeholder experiences. JRSM Short Rep. 2012;3:34. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/shorts.2012.012009 .","journal-title":"JRSM Short Rep"},{"key":"589_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e423","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp13X668384","volume":"63","author":"B Fisher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fisher B. Patients\u2019 access to their electronic record: offer patients access as soon as you can. Br J Gen Pract. 2013;63:e423\u20135. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3399\/bjgp13X668384 .","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"589_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2014.0424","volume":"33","author":"J Adler-Milstein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adler-Milstein J, Sarma N, Woskie LR, Jha AK. A comparison of how four countries use health IT to support care for people with chronic conditions. Health Aff (Millwood). 2014;33:1559\u201366. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2014.0424 .","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"589_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3703","volume":"17","author":"CS Kruse","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kruse CS, Argueta DA, Lopez L, Nair A. Patient and provider attitudes toward the use of patient portals for the Management of Chronic Disease: a systematic review. J Med Internet Res. 2015;17:e40. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.3703 .","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"589_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-015-0159-1","volume":"15","author":"M Price","year":"2015","unstructured":"Price M, Bellwood P, Kitson N, Davies I, Weber J, Lau F. Conditions potentially sensitive to a personal health record (PHR) intervention, a systematic review. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2015;15:1\u201312. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-015-0159-1 .","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak."},{"key":"589_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.722","volume":"5","author":"EA Bayliss","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bayliss EA, Ellis JL, Steiner JF. Barriers to self-management and quality-of-life outcomes in seniors with multimorbidities. Ann Fam Med. 2007;5:395\u2013402. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1370\/afm.722 .","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"589_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-5056(02)00070-9","volume":"68","author":"JJ Cimino","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cimino JJ, Patel VL, Kushniruk AW. The patient clinical information system (PatCIS): technical solutions for and experience with giving patients access to their electronic medical records. Int J Med Inform. 2002;68:113\u201327. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1386-5056(02)00070-9 .","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"589_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2014.10.005","volume":"84","author":"SGS Shah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shah SGS, Fittonb R, Hannanc A, Fisherd B, Younga T, Barnette J. Accessing personal medical records online: a means to what ends? Int J Med Inform. 2015;84:111\u20138. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2014.10.005 .","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"589_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmq092","volume":"28","author":"V Bhavnani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bhavnani V, Fisher B, Winfield M, Seed P. How patients use access to their electronic GP record--a quantitative study. Fam Pract. 2011;28:188\u201394. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/fampra\/cmq092 .","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"589_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e241","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3371","volume":"16","author":"GR Phelps","year":"2014","unstructured":"Phelps GR, Taylor J, Simpson K, Samuel J, Turner NA. Patients\u2019 continuing use of an online health record: a quantitative evaluation of 14,000 patient years of access data. J Med Internet Res. 2014;16:e241. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.3371 .","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"589_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.5823","volume":"312","author":"MJ Young","year":"2014","unstructured":"Young MJ, Scheinberg E, Bursztajn H. Direct-to-patient laboratory test reporting: balancing access with effective clinical communication. JAMA. 2014;312:127\u20138. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2014.5823 .","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"589_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931214581132","volume-title":"Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society","author":"J Taha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taha J, Sharit J, Czaja SJ. Usability of an electronic personal health record (PHR) among a diverse group of adults. In: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society. USA: University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine; 2014. p. 619\u201323. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1541931214581132 ."},{"key":"589_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brewer NT, Gilkey MB, Lillie SE, Hesse BW, Sheridan SL. Tables or bar graphs? Presenting test results in electronic medical records. Med Decis Mak. 2012;32:545\u201353. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3770735\/ .","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X12441395"},{"key":"589_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e187","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3241","volume":"16","author":"BJ Zikmund-Fisher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zikmund-Fisher BJ, Exe NL, Witteman HO. Numeracy and literacy independently predict patients\u2019 ability to identify out-of-range test results. J Med Internet Res. 2014;16:e187. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.3241 .","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"589_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Britto MT, Jimison HB, Munafo JK, Wissman J, Rogers ML, Hersh W. Usability testing finds problems for novice users of pediatric portals. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2009;16:660\u20139. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19567793 .","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M3154"},{"key":"589_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Kane M, Freedman D, Zikmund-Fisher BJ. Can patients use test results effectively if they have direct access? BMJ Br Med J. 2015;350:h673. http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/350\/bmj.h673 .","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h673"},{"key":"589_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr318","volume":"103","author":"A Fagerlin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fagerlin A, Zikmund-Fisher BJ, Ubel PA. Helping patients decide: ten steps to better risk communication. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst. 2011;103:1436\u201343. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djr318 .","journal-title":"JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"589_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2012-001508","volume":"20","author":"DW Simborg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Simborg DW, Detmer DE, Berner ES. The wave has finally broken: now what? J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2013;20:e21\u20135. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/amiajnl-2012-001508 .","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"589_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iacobucci G. Patients promised online access to their medical records by 2018. BMJ. 2015;2015:351. http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/351\/bmj.h4740 .","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h4740"},{"key":"589_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zikmund-Fisher BJ, Scherer AM, Witteman HO, Solomon JB, Exe NL, Tarini BA, et al. Graphics help patients distinguish between urgent and non-urgent deviations in laboratory test results. J Am Med Informatics Assoc. 2016; http:\/\/jamia.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/early\/2016\/12\/30\/jamia.ocw169 .","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocw169"},{"key":"589_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017327","volume":"135","author":"VF Reyna","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reyna VF, Nelson WL, Han PK, Dieckmann NF. How numeracy influences risk comprehension and medical decision making. Psychol Bull. 2009;135:943\u201373. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0017327 .","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"589_CR25","unstructured":"Klimov D, Shahar Y. A framework for intelligent visualization of multiple time-oriented medical records. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2005;2005:405\u20139. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1560450\/ ."},{"key":"589_CR26","unstructured":"Gotz D, Sun J, Cao N, Ebadollahi S. Visual cluster analysis in support of clinical decision intelligence. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2011;2011:481\u201390. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3243281\/ ."},{"key":"589_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1145\/1882992.1883001","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st ACM international health informatics symposium","author":"TD Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang TD, Wongsuphasawat K, Plaisant C, Shneiderman B. Visual information seeking in multiple electronic health records: design recommendations and a process model. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM international health informatics symposium. New York: ACM; 2010. p. 46\u201355. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1882992.1883001 ."},{"key":"589_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kules B, Shneiderman B. Users can change their web search tactics: design guidelines for categorized overviews. Inf Process Manag. 2008;44:463\u201384. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ipm.2007.07.014 .","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2007.07.014"},{"key":"589_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1145\/365024.365116","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems","author":"S Dumais","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dumais S, Cutrell E, Chen H. Optimizing search by showing results in context. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. New York: ACM; 2001. p. 277\u201384. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/365024.365116 ."},{"key":"589_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:4<380::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-5","volume":"51","author":"S Greene","year":"2000","unstructured":"Greene S, Marchionini G, Plaisant C, Shneiderman B. Previews and overviews in digital libraries: designing surrogates to support visual information seeking. J Am Soc Inf Sci. 2000;51:380\u201393. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:4<380::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-5 .","journal-title":"J Am Soc Inf Sci"},{"key":"589_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-108","volume":"10","author":"S Hill","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hill S, Spink J, Cadilhac D, Edwards A, Kaufman C, Rogers S, et al. Absolute risk representation in cardiovascular disease prevention: comprehension and preferences of health care consumers and general practitioners involved in a focus group study. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:108. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-10-108 .","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"589_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-12-87","volume":"12","author":"C Bartlett","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bartlett C, Simpson K, Turner AN. Patient access to complex chronic disease records on the internet. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2012;12:87. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6947-12-87 .","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"589_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987109106811","volume":"14","author":"S Staniszewska","year":"2009","unstructured":"Staniszewska S. Patient and public involvement in health services and health research: a brief overview of evidence, policy and activity. J Res Nurs. 2009;14:295\u20138. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1744987109106811 .","journal-title":"J Res Nurs"},{"key":"589_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.190","volume":"86","author":"J Radhakrishnan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Radhakrishnan J, Remuzzi G, Saran R, Williams DE, Rios-Burrows N, Powe N, et al. Taming the chronic kidney disease epidemic: a global view of surveillance efforts. Kidney Int. 2014;86:246\u201350. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2014.190 .","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"589_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo J, Brunelli SM, Jensen DE, Yang A. Association between serum potassium and outcomes in patients with reduced kidney function. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;11:90\u2013100. http:\/\/cjasn.asnjournals.org\/content\/11\/1\/90 .","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01730215"},{"key":"589_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.035048","volume":"59","author":"WSA Smellie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smellie WSA. When is \u201cabnormal\u201d abnormal? Dealing with the slightly out of range laboratory result. J Clin Pathol. 2006;59:1005\u20137. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.2005.035048 .","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"589_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elder NC, Barney K. \u201cBut what does it mean for me?\u201d primary care patients\u2019 communication preferences for test results notification. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2012;38:168\u201376. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22533129 . Accessed 24 Nov 2014.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1553-7250(12)38022-7"},{"key":"589_CR38","unstructured":"Johnson CM, Shaw RJ. A usability problem: conveying health risks to consumers on the internet. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2012;2012:427\u201335. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3540473\/ ."},{"key":"589_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothman AJ, Kiviniemi MT. Treating people with information: an analysis and review of approaches to communicating health risk information. JNCI Monogr. 1999;1999:44\u201351. http:\/\/jncimono.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/1999\/25\/44 .","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a024207"},{"key":"589_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed H, Naik G, Willoughby H, Edwards AGK. Communicating risk. BMJ. 2012;344:e3996. http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/344\/bmj.e3996 .","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e3996"},{"key":"589_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andry F, Naval G, Nicholson D, Lee M, Kosoy I, Puzankov L. Data visualization in a personal health record using rich internet application graphic components. In: HEALTHINF 2009 - proceedings of the 2nd international conference on health informatics. San Mateo: InterComponentWare Inc.; 2009. p. 111\u20136. http:\/\/fandry.net\/pub\/ANDRY_ET_AL_HealthINF09.pdf .","DOI":"10.5220\/0001378801110116"},{"key":"589_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2005.00626.x","volume":"25","author":"BJ Zikmund-Fisher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zikmund-Fisher BJ, Fagerlin A, Ubel PA. What\u2019s time got to do with it? Inattention to duration in interpretation of survival graphs. Risk Anal. 2005;25:589\u201395. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2005.00626.x .","journal-title":"Risk Anal"},{"key":"589_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fagerlin A, Zikmund-Fisher BJ, Ubel PA, Jankovic A, Derry HA, Smith DM. Measuring numeracy without a math test: development of the subjective numeracy scale. Med Decis Mak. 2007;27:672\u201380. http:\/\/mdm.sagepub.com\/content\/27\/5\/672 .","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X07304449"},{"key":"589_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-008-0520-5","volume":"23","author":"L Chew","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chew L, Griffin J, Partin M, Noorbaloochi S, Grill J, Snyder A, et al. Validation of screening questions for limited health literacy in a large VA outpatient population. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23:561\u20136. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-008-0520-5 .","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"589_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galesic M, Garcia-Retamero R. Graph literacy: a cross-cultural comparison. Med Decis Mak. 2011;31:444\u201357. http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0272989X10373805 .","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X10373805"},{"key":"589_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210902816461","volume":"62","author":"K Rayner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rayner K. Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search. Q J Exp Psychol. 2009;62:1457\u2013506. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17470210902816461 .","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol"},{"key":"589_CR47","volume-title":"Cognitive and cultural influences on eye movements","author":"X Bai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bai X, Rayner K, Shen D, Yan G. Cognitive and cultural influences on eye movements. Psychology Press; 2008."},{"key":"589_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ehmke C, Wilson S. Identifying web usability problems from eye-tracking data. In: Proceedings of the 21st British HCI group annual conference on people and computers: HCI...But not as we know it, vol. Volume 1. Swinton: British Computer Society; 2007. p. 119\u201328. https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=1531311 .","DOI":"10.14236\/ewic\/HCI2007.12"},{"key":"589_CR49","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2011","unstructured":"R Development Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria; 2011. http:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/6qB8vSvjo ."},{"key":"589_CR50","volume-title":"Designing eye tracking experiments to measure human behavior","author":"R Matos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Matos R. Designing eye tracking experiments to measure human behavior. 2010. http:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/6qB95Hc4m ."},{"key":"589_CR51","unstructured":"Segall N, Saville JG, L\u2019Engle P, Carlson B, Wright MC, Schulman K, et al. Usability evaluation of a personal health record. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2011;2011:1233\u201342. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3243224\/ . Accessed 21 Oct 2014."},{"key":"589_CR52","unstructured":"Segall N, Saville JG, L\u2019Engle P, Carlson B, Wright MC, Schulman K, et al. Usability evaluation of a personal health record. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2011;2011:1233\u201342. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3243224\/ ."},{"key":"589_CR53","unstructured":"Otte-Trojel T, de Bont A, Rundall TG, van de Klundert J. What do we know about developing patient portals? A systematic literature review. J Am Med Informatics Assoc. 2015; http:\/\/jamia.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/early\/2015\/09\/01\/jamia.ocv114 ."},{"key":"589_CR54","volume-title":"F-shaped pattern for reading web content. Alertbox Curr issues web usability","author":"N Jakob","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jakob N. F-shaped pattern for reading web content. Alertbox Curr issues web usability. 2006."},{"key":"589_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1145\/1518701.1518705","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems","author":"G Buscher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Buscher G, Cutrell E, Morris MR. What do you see when You\u2019Re surfing?: using eye tracking to predict salient regions of web pages. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. New York: ACM; 2009. p. 21\u201330. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1518701.1518705 ."}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-018-0589-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T18:44:51Z","timestamp":1751395491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12911-018-0589-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["589"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-018-0589-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 August 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study received ethical approval from NHS and local R&D ethical committees (IRAS ID: 183,845). Research nurses from the NIHR Clinical Research Network Portfolio (Study CPMS ID: 20,645) were responsible for approaching eligible patients and collecting signed informed consents of patients willing to participate.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Participants consented for the data to be published in scientific journals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"11"}}