{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T15:00:36Z","timestamp":1779202836970,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-018-0631-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,23]],"date-time":"2018-07-23T02:49:15Z","timestamp":1532314155000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Towards improving diagnosis of skin diseases by combining deep neural network and human knowledge"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cui","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"631_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masood A, Ali Al-Jumaily A. Computer aided diagnostic support system for skin cancer: a review of techniques and algorithms. Int J Biomed Imaging. 2013;2013","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/323268"},{"issue":"7639","key":"631_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21056","volume":"542","author":"A Esteva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Esteva A, Kuprel B, Novoa RA, Ko J, Swetter SM, Blau HM, Thrun S. Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks. Nature. 2017;542(7639):115\u20138.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"631_CR3","first-page":"1097","volume":"25","author":"A Krizhevsky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krizhevsky A, Sutskever I, Hinton GE. Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst. 2012;25:1097\u2013105.","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"631_CR4","unstructured":"Ioffe S, Szegedy C. Batch normalization: accelerating deep network training by reducing internal covariate shift. Proc. 32nd. Int Conference on Machine Learning. 2015:448\u201356."},{"key":"631_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szegedy C, et al. Going deeper with convolutions. Proc IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2015:1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298594"},{"key":"631_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramlakhan K, Shang Y. A mobile automated skin lesion classification system. 23rd IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI). 2011:138\u201341.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTAI.2011.29"},{"key":"631_CR7","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp. 770\u2013778)","author":"K He","year":"2016","unstructured":"He K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J. Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp. 770\u2013778); 2016."},{"key":"631_CR8","unstructured":"Rosado, B. et al. Accuracy of computer diagnosis of melanoma: a quantitative meta-analysis. Arch Dermatol 139, 361\u2013367, discussion 366 (2003)."},{"key":"631_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-03-0039","volume":"10","author":"M Burroni","year":"2004","unstructured":"Burroni M, et al. Melanoma computer-aided diagnosis: reliability and feasibility study. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10:1881\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"631_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2008.2010526","volume":"56","author":"B Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li B, Meng MQH. Computer-aided detection of bleeding regions for capsule endoscopy images. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2009;56(4):1032\u20139.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"631_CR11","first-page":"86","volume":"6","author":"DD Woods","year":"1985","unstructured":"Woods DD. Cognitive technologies: the design of joint human-machine cognitive systems. AI Mag. 1985;6(4):86.","journal-title":"AI Mag"},{"issue":"7540","key":"631_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14236","volume":"518","author":"V Mnih","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mnih V, Kavukcuoglu K, Silver D, Rusu AA, Veness J, Bellemare MG, et al. Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning. Nature. 2015;518(7540):529\u201333.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"631_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Wang, S., Liu, L. & Tao, C. Computer-aided diagnosis of four common cutaneous diseases using deep learning algorithm. 2017 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM), Kansas City, MO, USA, pp. 1304\u20131306 (2017).","DOI":"10.1109\/BIBM.2017.8217850"},{"issue":"9","key":"631_CR14","first-page":"723","volume":"9","author":"A Hauschild","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hauschild A, Egberts F, Garbe C, Bauer J, Grabbe S, Hamm H, Schlaeger M. Melanocytic nevi. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft. 2011;9(9):723\u201334.","journal-title":"JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft"},{"issue":"9","key":"631_CR15","first-page":"835","volume":"16","author":"RP Braun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Braun RP, Ludwig S, Marghoob AA. Differential diagnosis of seborrheic keratosis: clinical and Dermoscopic features[J]. J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(9):835\u201342.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"631_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2008.03731.x","volume":"47","author":"M Scalvenzi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Scalvenzi M, Lembo S, Francia MG, Balato A. Dermoscopic patterns of superficial basal cell carcinoma. Int J Dermatol. 2008;47(10):1015\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"631_CR17","first-page":"2017","volume":"153","author":"AW Armstrong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Armstrong AW. Psoriasis. Jama Dermatology Patient Page. JAMA Dermatology September. 2017;153(9):2017.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatology September"},{"issue":"18","key":"631_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013383","volume":"347","author":"RH Weenig","year":"2002","unstructured":"Weenig RH, Davis MD, Dahl PR, Su WD. Skin ulcers misdiagnosed as pyoderma gangrenosum. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(18):1412\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"631_CR19","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp. 2818\u20132826)","author":"C Szegedy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Szegedy C, Vanhoucke V, Ioffe S, Shlens J, Wojna Z. Rethinking the inception architecture for computer vision. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp. 2818\u20132826); 2016."},{"key":"631_CR20","volume-title":"Chapter 2. Development and cellular constituents of the nervous system. Clinical neuroanatomy. 26th","author":"SG Waxman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Waxman SG. Chapter 2. Development and cellular constituents of the nervous system. Clinical neuroanatomy. 26th. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2010."},{"key":"631_CR21","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems (pp. 1097\u20131105)","author":"A Krizhevsky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krizhevsky A, Sutskever I, Hinton GE. Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Advances in neural information processing systems (pp. 1097\u20131105); 2012."},{"issue":"10","key":"631_CR22","first-page":"1995","volume":"3361","author":"Y LeCun","year":"1995","unstructured":"LeCun Y, Bengio Y. Convolutional networks for images, speech, and time series. The handbook of brain theory and neural networks. 1995;3361(10):1995.","journal-title":"The handbook of brain theory and neural networks"},{"issue":"10","key":"631_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(01)00178-9","volume":"35","author":"M Egmont-Petersen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Egmont-Petersen M, de Ridder D, Handels H. Image processing with neural networks\u2014a review. Pattern Recogn. 2002;35(10):2279\u2013301.","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"631_CR24","unstructured":"DeepLearning 0.1 Documentation (2018) Convolutional Neural Netw (LeNet). Retrieved Sep 16, 2017, from \n                    http:\/\/deeplearning.net\/tutorial\/lenet.html\n                    \n                  ."},{"issue":"2","key":"631_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.7763\/IJCTE.2011.V3.328","volume":"3","author":"G Panchal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Panchal G, Ganatra A, Kosta YP, Panchal D. Behaviour analysis of multilayer perceptronswith multiple hidden neurons and hidden layers. Int J Computer Theory and Engineering. 2011;3(2):332.","journal-title":"Int J Computer Theory and Engineering"},{"issue":"5","key":"631_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13657","volume":"44","author":"A Minagawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Minagawa A. Dermoscopy\u2013pathology relationship in seborrheic keratosis. J Dermatol. 2017;44(5):518\u201324.","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"631_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2011.01.003","volume":"6","author":"Q Abbas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abbas Q, Celebi ME, Garc\u00eda IF. Hair removal methods: a comparative study for dermoscopy images. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control. 2011;6(4):395\u2013404.","journal-title":"Biomedical Signal Processing and Control"},{"key":"631_CR28","volume-title":"SoC design conference (ISOCC), 2016 international (pp. 215\u2013216). IEEE","author":"U Jamil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jamil U, Khalid S, Akram MU. Digital image preprocessing and hair artifact removal by using Gabor wavelet. In: SoC design conference (ISOCC), 2016 international (pp. 215\u2013216). IEEE; 2016."},{"key":"631_CR29","volume-title":"Digital image computing: techniques and applications (DICTA), 2015 international conference on (pp. 1\u20138). IEEE","author":"Y George","year":"2015","unstructured":"George Y, Aldeen M, Garnavi R. Skin hair removal for 2D psoriasis images. In: Digital image computing: techniques and applications (DICTA), 2015 international conference on (pp. 1\u20138). IEEE; 2015."},{"issue":"4","key":"631_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910600411","volume":"60","author":"A Kricker","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kricker A, Armstrong BK, English DR, Heenan PJ. Does intermittent sun exposure cause basal cell carcinoma? A case-control study in Western Australia. Int J Cancer. 1995;60(4):489\u201394.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-018-0631-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12911-018-0631-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-018-0631-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T19:03:43Z","timestamp":1563822223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12911-018-0631-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["631"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-018-0631-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 July 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Our study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Institute of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"59"}}