{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T22:29:59Z","timestamp":1770071399834,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of SMEs and Startups of South Korea","award":["S2680996"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2680996"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of South Korea","award":["20003767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20003767"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT of South Korea","award":["IITP-2018-0-01405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2018-0-01405"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study developed a diagnostic tool to automatically detect normal, unclear and tumor images from colonoscopy videos using artificial intelligence.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For the creation of training and validation sets, 47,555 images in the jpg format were extracted from colonoscopy videos for 24 patients in Korea University Anam Hospital. A gastroenterologist with the clinical experience of 15\u00a0years divided the 47,555 images into three classes of Normal (25,895), Unclear (2038) and Tumor (19,622). A single shot detector, a deep learning framework designed for object detection, was trained using the 47,255 images and validated with two sets of 300 images\u2014each validation set included 150 images (50 normal, 50 unclear and 50 tumor cases). Half of the 47,255 images were used for building the model and the other half were used for testing the model. The learning rate of the model was 0.0001 during 250 epochs (training cycles).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The average accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score over the category were 0.9067, 0.9744, 0.9067 and 0.9393, respectively. These performance measures had no change with respect to the intersection-over-union threshold (0.45, 0.50, and 0.55). This finding suggests the stability of the model.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Automated detection of normal, unclear and tumor images from colonoscopy videos is possible by using a deep learning framework. This is expected to provide an invaluable decision supporting system for clinical experts.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-020-01314-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T12:04:22Z","timestamp":1612181062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Automated detection of colorectal tumors based on artificial intelligence"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kwang-Sig","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang-Hyuk","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang-Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1820-459X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1314_CR1","unstructured":"1International Agency for Research on Cancer. 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The IRB granted permissions to access the clinical\/personal patient data used in this study. Informed consent was waived by the IRB.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"33"}}