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Given a large number of cognitive assessment tools and time-limited office visits, it is important to determine a proper set of cognitive tests for different subjects. Most current studies create guidelines of cognitive test selection for a targeted population, but they are not customized for each individual subject. In this manuscript, we develop a machine learning paradigm enabling personalized cognitive assessments prioritization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Method<\/jats:title>We adapt a newly developed learning-to-rank approach$${\\mathtt {PLTR}}$$<\/jats:tex-math>PLTR<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>to implement our paradigm. This method learns the latent scoring function that pushes the most effective cognitive assessments onto the top of the prioritization list. We also extend$${\\mathtt {PLTR}}$$<\/jats:tex-math>PLTR<\/mml:mi><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>to better separate the most effective cognitive assessments and the less effective ones.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Our empirical study on the ADNI data shows that the proposed paradigm outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines on identifying and prioritizing individual-specific cognitive biomarkers. We conduct experiments in cross validation and level-out validation settings. In the two settings, our paradigm significantly outperforms the best baselines with improvement as much as 22.1% and 19.7%, respectively, on prioritizing cognitive features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>The proposed paradigm achieves superior performance on prioritizing cognitive biomarkers. The cognitive biomarkers prioritized on top have great potentials to facilitate personalized diagnosis, disease subtyping, and ultimately precision medicine in AD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-020-01339-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T12:03:16Z","timestamp":1606910596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cognitive biomarker prioritization in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease using brain morphometric data"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"name":"for the ADNI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannon L.","family":"Risacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Saykin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6842-1165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xia","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"1339_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2014.2314712","volume":"33","author":"J Wan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wan J, Zhang Z, et al. 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ADNI data can be requested by all interested investigators; they can request it via the ADNI website and must agree to acknowledge ADNI and its funders in the papers that use the data. There are also some other reporting requirements; the PI must give an annual report of what the data have been used for, and any publications arising. More details are available at.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"319"}}