{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:50:04Z","timestamp":1792000204264,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Healthcare relies on health information systems (HISs) to support the care and receive reimbursement for the care provided. Healthcare providers experience many problems with their HISs due to improper architecture design. To support the design of a proper HIS architecture, a reference architecture (RA) can be used that meets the various stakeholder concerns of HISs. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop and analyze an RA following well-established architecture design methods.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Domain analysis was performed to scope and model the domain of HISs. For the architecture design, we applied the views and beyond approach and designed the RA\u2019s views based on the stakeholders and features from the domain analysis. We evaluated the RA with a case study.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We derived the following four architecture views for HISs: The context diagram, decomposition view, layered view, and deployment view. Each view shows the architecture of the HIS from a different angle, suitable for various stakeholders. Based on a Japanese hospital information system study, we applied the RA and derived the application architecture.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We demonstrated that the methods of the software architecture design community could be used in the healthcare domain effectively and showed the applicability of the RA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-021-01570-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T02:02:39Z","timestamp":1625709759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Designing a reference architecture for health information systems"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Joep","family":"Tummers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde","family":"Tobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cagatay","family":"Catal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bedir","family":"Tekinerdogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1570_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24859","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v7.24859","volume":"7","author":"E Kihuba","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kihuba E, Gathara D, Mwinga S, Mulaku M, Kosgei R, Mogoa W, Nyamai R, English M. Assessing the ability of health information systems in hospitals to support evidence-informed decisions in Kenya. Global Health Action. 2014;7(1):24859.","journal-title":"Global Health Action"},{"issue":"6","key":"1570_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocx080","volume":"24","author":"J Adler-Milstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adler-Milstein J, Holmgren AJ, Kralovec P, Worzala C, Searcy T, Patel V. Electronic health record adoption in US hospitals: the emergence of a digital \u201cadvanced use\u2019\u2019 divide. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2017;24(6):1142\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"1570_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/17517575.2018.1557256","volume":"13","author":"UA Bhatti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhatti UA, Huang M, Wu D, Zhang Y, Mehmood A, Han H. Recommendation system using feature extraction and pattern recognition in clinical care systems. Enterprise Inform Syst. 2019;13(3):329\u201351.","journal-title":"Enterprise Inform Syst"},{"key":"1570_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2016.04.022","volume":"104","author":"WP Goh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goh WP, Tao X, Zhang J, Yong J. Decision support systems for adoption in dental clinics: a survey. Knowl-Based Syst. 2016;104:195\u2013206.","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"1570_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocu029","volume":"22","author":"AS O\u2019malley","year":"2015","unstructured":"O\u2019malley AS, Draper K, Gourevitch R, Cross DA, Scholle SH. Electronic health records and support for primary care teamwork. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2015;22(2):426\u201334.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"e1","key":"1570_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-001686","volume":"21","author":"A Friedman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Friedman A, Crosson JC, Howard J, Clark EC, Pellerano M, Karsh B-T, Crabtree B, Ja\u00e9n CR, Cohen DJ. A typology of electronic health record workarounds in small-to-medium size primary care practices. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2014;21(e1):78\u201383.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"1570_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2015.01.017","volume":"84","author":"BW Pickering","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pickering BW, Dong Y, Ahmed A, Giri J, Kilickaya O, Gupta A, Gajic O, Herasevich V. The implementation of clinician designed, human-centered electronic medical record viewer in the intensive care unit: a pilot step-wedge cluster randomized trial. Int J Med Inform. 2015;84(5):299\u2013307.","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"1570_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2018.02.016","volume":"80","author":"R Khajouei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khajouei R, Gohari SH, Mirzaee M. Comparison of two heuristic evaluation methods for evaluating the usability of health information systems. J Biomed Inform. 2018;80:37\u201342.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"3","key":"1570_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4258\/hir.2017.23.3.189","volume":"23","author":"Y-T Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park Y-T, Han D. Current status of electronic medical record systems in hospitals and clinics in Korea. Healthcare Inform Res. 2017;23(3):189\u201398.","journal-title":"Healthcare Inform Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"1570_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2015.07.005","volume":"84","author":"G Par\u00e9","year":"2015","unstructured":"Par\u00e9 G, Raymond L, de Guinea AO, Poba-Nzaou P, Trudel M-C, Marsan J, Micheneau T. Electronic health record usage behaviors in primary care medical practices: a survey of family physicians in Canada. Int J Med Inform. 2015;84(10):857\u201367.","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"issue":"1","key":"1570_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/CIN.0000000000000291","volume":"35","author":"KJ Whitt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Whitt KJ, Eden L, Merrill KC, Hughes M. Nursing student experiences regarding safe use of electronic health records: a pilot study of the Safety and Assurance Factors for EHR Resilience guides. Comput Inform Nurs. 2017;35(1):45\u201353.","journal-title":"Comput Inform Nurs"},{"key":"1570_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2018.01.011","volume":"112","author":"RW Grout","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grout RW, Cheng ER, Carroll AE, Bauer NS, Downs SM. A six-year repeated evaluation of computerized clinical decision support system user acceptability. Int J Med Inform. 2018;112:74\u201381.","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"1570_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2016.10.010","volume":"97","author":"J Kaipio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaipio J, L\u00e4\u00e4veri T, Hypp\u00f6nen H, Vainiom\u00e4ki S, Reponen J, Kushniruk A, Borycki E, V\u00e4nsk\u00e4 J. Usability problems do not heal by themselves: national survey on physicians\u2019 experiences with EHRs in Finland. Int J Med Inform. 2017;97:266\u201381.","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"issue":"1","key":"1570_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-018-0726-3","volume":"19","author":"DM Vossebeld","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vossebeld DM, Puik ECN, Jaspers JEN, Schuurmans MJ. Development process of a mobile electronic medical record for nurses: a single case study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2019;19(1):11.","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"issue":"6","key":"1570_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2014.2301156","volume":"18","author":"DT Dunsmuir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dunsmuir DT, Payne BA, Cloete G, Petersen CL, G\u00f6rges M, Lim J, von Dadelszen P, Dumont GA, Ansermino JM. Development of mHealth applications for pre-eclampsia triage. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2014;18(6):1857\u201364.","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"1570_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Locatelli P, Restifo N, Gastaldi L, Corso M. Health care information systems: architectural models and governance. Innov Informa Syst Modell Tech. 2012;71\u201396.","DOI":"10.5772\/38212"},{"key":"1570_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0301-1526.32.1.54","volume-title":"Software architecture in practice","author":"L Bass","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bass L, Clements P, Kazman R. Software architecture in practice. Boston: Addison-Wesley Professional; 2003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1024\/0301-1526.32.1.54."},{"key":"1570_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tekinerdogan B, Zdun U, Babar A. Software architecture. In: 10th European conference, ECSA 2016, Copenhagen, Denmark, November 28\u2013December 2 vol. 9839. Springer, New York; 2014.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-48992-6"},{"key":"1570_CR19","unstructured":"ISO\/IEC\/IEEE: ISO\/IEC\/IEEE 42010 Systems and software engineering\u2013architecture description. Technical report, ISO\/IEC\/IEEE 42010; 2011."},{"key":"1570_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kassahun A. Aligning business processes and IT of multiple collaborating organisations. PhD thesis, Wageningen University; 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18174\/414988.","DOI":"10.18174\/414988"},{"key":"1570_CR21","unstructured":"Muller G. A reference architecture primer. Eindhoven, White paper. Eindhoven Univ. of Techn; 2012."},{"key":"1570_CR22","unstructured":"US Dept. of Defence\/Office of the DoD CIO: reference architecture description. Technical Report June, US Dept. of Defence\/Office of the DoD CIO (2010). http:\/\/dodcio.defense.gov\/Portals\/0\/Documents\/DIEA\/Ref_Archi_Description_Final_v1_18Jun10.pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"1570_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/14639239409044716","volume":"19","author":"B Frandji","year":"1994","unstructured":"Frandji B, Schot J, Joubert M, Soadyh I, Kilsdonk A. The RICHE reference architecture. Med Inform. 1994;19(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Med Inform"},{"key":"1570_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wartena F, Muskens J, Schmitt L, Petkovi\u0107 M. Continua: the reference architecture of a personal telehealth ecosystem. In: The 12th IEEE international conference on e-health networking, applications and services. IEEE; 2010. p. 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/HEALTH.2010.5556588"},{"key":"1570_CR25","unstructured":"Extreme: Healthcare reference architecture. Technical report, extreme networks; 2010. https:\/\/www.extremenetworks.com\/resources\/brochure\/healthcare-reference-architecture\/."},{"key":"1570_CR26","unstructured":"Puscas K. Nationwide health information network exchange. Nationwide health information network: enterprise architecture overview. technical report; 2009."},{"key":"1570_CR27","unstructured":"Brandara N. Connected health reference architecture. Technical report, WSO2; 2015. https:\/\/wso2.com\/whitepapers\/connected-health-reference-architecture\/."},{"key":"1570_CR28","unstructured":"Kipf OM. Reference architecture for healthcare\u2014design concepts; 2020."},{"key":"1570_CR29","unstructured":"Nictiz: Domain reference model for hospitals version 2. Technical report. Nationaal ICT Instituut in de Zorg; 2012. https:\/\/www.dragon1.com\/downloads\/12001A_Domain_Reference_hospitals_version_2_00.pdf."},{"key":"1570_CR30","unstructured":"ATOS. IT Reference architecture for healthcare. Technical report, ATOS; 2011. https:\/\/atos.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/atos-itah-architecture-for-healthcare-whitepaper.pdf."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"1570_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2006.07.007","volume":"76","author":"A Winter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Winter A, Brigl B, Funkat G, H\u00e4ber A, Heller O, Wendt T. 3LGM2-modeling to support management of health information systems. Int J Med Inform. 2007;76(2\u20133):145\u201350.","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"1570_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.09.020","volume":"68","author":"O Koksal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koksal O, Tekinerdogan B. Obstacles in data distribution service middleware: a systematic review. Future Gen Comput Syst. 2017;68:191\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2016.09.020.","journal-title":"Future Gen Comput Syst"},{"key":"1570_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2020.103343","volume":"124","author":"M van Geest","year":"2020","unstructured":"van Geest M, Tekinerdogan B, Catal C. Design of a reference architecture for developing smart warehouses in industry 4.0. Comput Ind. 2020;124:103343.","journal-title":"Comput Ind"},{"key":"1570_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tekinerdogan B, Aksit M. Classifying and evaluating architecture design methods. In: Software architectures and component technology. Springer: New York; 2002. p. 3\u201327.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0883-0_1"},{"key":"1570_CR35","unstructured":"Clements P, Garlan D, Little R, Nord R, Stafford J, Bachmann F, Bass L, Ivers J, Merson P. Documenting software architectures: views and beyond. 2nd Ed. Addison-Wesley Professional; 2 ed (October 15, 2010), Boston 2010."},{"key":"1570_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tummers J, Kassahun A, Tekinerdogan B. Reference architecture design for farm management information systems: a multi-case study approach. Precision Agriculture; 2020.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11119-020-09728-0"},{"key":"1570_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yan ED. Research about based-SOA agriculture management information system. In: International conference on information and automation (ICIA). IEEE; 2012. p. 78\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICInfA.2012.6246786.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICInfA.2012.6246786"},{"key":"1570_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murakami Y, Utomo S.K.T, Hosono K, Umezawa T, Osawa N. IFarm: development of cloud-based system of cultivation management for precision agriculture. In: IEEE 2nd global conference on consumer electronics (GCCE). IEEE; 2013. p. 233\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/GCCE.2013.6664809.","DOI":"10.1109\/GCCE.2013.6664809"},{"key":"1570_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2016.03.004","volume":"123","author":"A Kassahun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kassahun A, Hartog RJ, Tekinerdogan B. Realizing chain-wide transparency in meat supply chains based on global standards and a reference architecture. Comput Electron Agric. 2016;123:275\u201391.","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"1570_CR40","unstructured":"Kitchenham B, Charters S. Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. Technical report, Computer Science Department, Keele University and Department of Computer Science, University of Duram; 2007."},{"issue":"1","key":"1570_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2196\/medinform.6512","volume":"5","author":"S Riahi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Riahi S, Fischler I, Stuckey MI, Klassen PE, Chen J. The value of electronic medical record implementation in mental health care: a case study. JMIR Med Inform. 2017;5(1):1.","journal-title":"JMIR Med Inform"},{"issue":"1","key":"1570_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-13-96","volume":"13","author":"J Lei","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lei J, Sockolow P, Guan P, Meng Q, Zhang J. A comparison of electronic health records at two major Peking University Hospitals in China to United States meaningful use objectives. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2013;13(1):96.","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"issue":"3","key":"1570_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocv074","volume":"23","author":"WM Tierney","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tierney WM, Sidle JE, Diero LO, Sudoi A, Kiplagat J, Macharia S, Shen C, Yeung A, Were MC, Slaven JE, et al. Assessing the impact of a primary care electronic medical record system in three Kenyan rural health centers. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2016;23(3):544\u201352.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"02","key":"1570_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.4338\/ACI-2011-01-RA-0004","volume":"2","author":"J Guo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guo J, Iribarren S, Kapsandoy S, Perri S, Staggers N. Usability evaluation of an electronic medication administration record (eMAR) application. Appl Clin Inform. 2011;2(02):202\u201324.","journal-title":"Appl Clin Inform"},{"issue":"3","key":"1570_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.2298\/CSIS120523056R","volume":"10","author":"P Rajkovic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rajkovic P, Jankovic D, Milenkovic A. Developing and deploying medical information systems for Serbian public healthcare: challenges, lessons learned and guidelines. Comput Sci Inf Syst. 2013;10(3):1429\u201354.","journal-title":"Comput Sci Inf Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"1570_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-010-9612-y","volume":"36","author":"C Tsavatewa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsavatewa C, Musa PF, Ramsingh I. Integration of footprints information systems in palliative care: the case of Medical Center of Central Georgia. J Med Syst. 2012;36(3):1511\u201321.","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"1570_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2013.11.004","volume":"83","author":"JD Duke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duke JD, Morea J, Mamlin B, Martin DK, Simonaitis L, Takesue BY, Dixon BE, Dexter PR. Regenstrief Institute\u2019s medical gopher: a next-generation homegrown electronic medical record system. Int J Med Inform. 2014;83(3):170\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"issue":"01","key":"1570_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4338\/ACI-2010-09-RA-0055","volume":"2","author":"PS Sockolow","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sockolow PS, Weiner JP, Bowles KH, Abbott P, Lehmann HP. Advice for decision makers based on an electronic health record evaluation at a program for all-inclusive care for elders site. Appl Clin Inform. 2011;2(01):18\u201338.","journal-title":"Appl Clin Inform"},{"issue":"3","key":"1570_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2196\/humanfactors.9569","volume":"5","author":"W Martinez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martinez W, Threatt AL, Rosenbloom ST, Wallston KA, Hickson GB, Elasy TA. A patient-facing diabetes dashboard embedded in a patient web portal: design sprint and usability testing. JMIR Hum Fact. 2018;5(3):26.","journal-title":"JMIR Hum Fact"},{"key":"1570_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tekinerdogan B, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk K. Feature-driven design of SaaS architectures. In: Software engineering frameworks for the cloud computing paradigm. New York: Springer; 2013. p. 189\u2013212.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-5031-2_9"},{"key":"1570_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang KC, Cohen SG, Hess JA, Novak WE, Peterson AS. Feature-oriented domain analysis (FODA) feasibility study. Technical report. Carnegie-Mellon Univ Pittsburgh Pa Software Engineering Inst; 1990.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA235785"},{"key":"1570_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2017.01.034","volume":"60","author":"WH Jonathan Mak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jonathan Mak WH, John Clarkson P. Towards the design of resilient large-scale engineering systems. Proc CIRP. 2017;60:536\u201341.","journal-title":"Proc CIRP"},{"issue":"1","key":"1570_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3615(02)00145-8","volume":"50","author":"CH Kim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim CH, Weston RH, Hodgson A, Lee KH. The complementary use of IDEF and UML modelling approaches. Comput Ind. 2003;50(1):35\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0166-3615(02)00145-8.","journal-title":"Comput Ind"},{"key":"1570_CR54","volume-title":"IT infrastructure and management (For the GBTU and MMTU)","author":"MK Choubey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Choubey MK. IT infrastructure and management (For the GBTU and MMTU). London: Pearson Education India; 2011."},{"key":"1570_CR55","volume-title":"Software engineering: principles and practice","author":"H Van Vliet","year":"1993","unstructured":"Van Vliet H. Software engineering: principles and practice, vol. 3. New York: Wiley; 1993."},{"key":"1570_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sancar Gozukara S, Tekinerdogan B, Catal C. Obstacles of on-premise enterprise resource planning systems and solution directions. J Comput Inform Syst. 2020;1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1080\/08874417.2020.1739579"},{"issue":"4","key":"1570_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1090.0278","volume":"21","author":"RK Chellappa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chellappa RK, Saraf N. Alliances, rivalry, and firm performance in enterprise systems software markets: a social network approach. Inform Syst Res. 2010;21(4):849\u201371.","journal-title":"Inform Syst Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1570_CR58","first-page":"1","volume":"23","author":"N Pollock","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pollock N, Williams R. Moving beyond the single site implementation study: how (and why) we should study the biography of packaged enterprise solutions. Inform Syst Res. 2011;23(1):1\u201322.","journal-title":"Inform Syst Res"},{"issue":"06","key":"1570_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3414\/ME09-01-0023","volume":"48","author":"F Jahn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jahn F, Issler L, Winter A, Takabayashi K. Comparing a Japanese and a German hospital information system. Methods Inf Med. 2009;48(06):531\u20139.","journal-title":"Methods Inf Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1570_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-016-0054-z","volume":"5","author":"J Opara-Martins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Opara-Martins J, Sahandi R, Tian F. Critical analysis of vendor lock-in and its impact on cloud computing migration: a business perspective. J Cloud Comput. 2016;5(1):1\u201318.","journal-title":"J Cloud Comput"},{"key":"1570_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bender D, Sartipi K. Hl7 fhir: an agile and restful approach to healthcare information exchange. In: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE international symposium on computer-based medical systems. IEEE;2013. p. 326\u2013331.","DOI":"10.1109\/CBMS.2013.6627810"},{"key":"1570_CR62","unstructured":"World Organization of National Colleges, Academies, and Academic Associations of General Practitioners\/Family Physicians. In: ICPC-2: international classification of primary care. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1998."},{"key":"1570_CR63","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International classification of diseases for mortality and morbidity statistics, 11th Revision; 2018. https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse11\/l-m\/en."},{"key":"1570_CR64","unstructured":"ISO\/IEC\/IEEE: Life cycle processes\u2014Requirements engineering. Technical report, ISO\/IEC\/IEEE; 2011."},{"key":"1570_CR65","unstructured":"Open Group. ArchiMate 2.0 specification: Open Group Standard. Van Haren Publishing, \u2019s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands; 2012."},{"key":"1570_CR66","volume-title":"Advances in government enterprise architecture","author":"P Saha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saha P. Advances in government enterprise architecture. Pennsylvania: IGI Global; 2008."},{"key":"1570_CR67","unstructured":"IEEE. IEEE 1471, Standard for describing the architecture of a \u201csoftware-intensive system\u201d. Technical report. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers; 2000."}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-021-01570-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12911-021-01570-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-021-01570-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,11]],"date-time":"2021-07-11T04:03:04Z","timestamp":1625976184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12911-021-01570-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-021-01570-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"210"}}