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Most existing methods of drug repositioning for the rare disease usually neglect father\u2013son information, so it is extremely difficult to predict drugs for the rare disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this paper, we focus on father\u2013son information mining for the rare disease. We propose GRU-Cooperation-Attention-Network (GCAN) to predict drugs for the rare disease. We construct two heterogeneous networks for information enhancement, one network contains the father-nodes of the rare disease and the other network contains the son-nodes information. To bridge two heterogeneous networks, we set a mapping to connect them. What\u2019s more, we use the biased random walk mechanism to collect the information smoothly from two heterogeneous networks, and employ a cooperation attention mechanism to enhance repositioning ability of the network.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comparing with traditional methods, GCAN makes full use of father\u2013son information. The experimental results on real drug data from hospitals show that GCAN outperforms state-of-the-art machine learning methods for drug repositioning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The performance of GCAN for drug repositioning is mainly limited by the insufficient scale and poor quality of the data. In future research work, we will focus on how to utilize more data such as drug molecule information and protein molecule information for the drug repositioning of the rare disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-021-01664-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T11:03:18Z","timestamp":1637146998000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Enriching limited information on rare diseases from heterogeneous networks for drug repositioning"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Hongkui","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shicheng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2978-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1664_CR1","unstructured":"Rare diseases; 2020. https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/non_communicable_diseases\/rare_diseases_en. 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