{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:33:27Z","timestamp":1773707607739,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Good Venture"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Quality data from Health Management Information Systems (HMIS) are important for tracking the effectiveness of malaria control interventions. However, HMIS data in many resource-limited settings do not currently meet standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO). We aimed to assess HMIS data quality and associated factors in Chad.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 14 health facilities in Massaguet district. Data on children under 15\u00a0years were obtained from the HMIS and from the external patient register covering the period January\u2013December 2018. An additional questionnaire was administered to 16 health centre managers to collect data on contextual variables. Patient registry data were aggregated and compared with the HMIS database at district and health centre level. Completeness and accuracy indicators were calculated as per WHO guidelines. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed on the Verification Factor for attendance, suspected and confirmed malaria cases for three age groups (1 to &lt;\u200912\u00a0months, 1 to &lt;\u20095\u00a0years and 5 to &lt;\u200915\u00a0years) to identify associations between health centre characteristics and data accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Health centres achieved a high level of data completeness in HMIS. Malaria data were over-reported in HMIS for children aged under 15\u00a0years. There was an association between workload and higher odds of inaccuracy in reporting of attendance among children aged 1 to &lt;\u20095\u00a0years (Odds ratio [OR]: 10.57, 95% CI 2.32\u201348.19) and 5\u2013\u2009&lt;\u200915\u00a0years (OR: 6.64, 95% CI 1.38\u201332.04). Similar association was found between workload and stock-outs in register books, and inaccuracy in reporting of malaria confirmed cases. Meanwhile, we found that presence of a health technician, and of dedicated staff for data management, were associated with lower inaccuracy in reporting of clinic attendance in children aged under five years.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data completeness was high while the accuracy was low. Factors associated with data inaccuracy included high workload and the unavailability of required data collection tools. The results suggest that improvement in working conditions for clinic personnel may improve HMIS data quality. Upgrading from paper-based forms to a web-based HMIS may provide a solution for improving data accuracy and its utility for future evaluations of health interventions. Results from this study can inform the Ministry of Health and it partners on the precautions to be taken in the use of HMIS data and inform initiatives for improving its quality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-021-01684-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T17:03:03Z","timestamp":1637600583000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Health management information system (HMIS) data quality and associated factors in Massaguet district, Chad"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7780-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azoukaln\u00e9","family":"Mouk\u00e9net","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9444-8460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica Anna","family":"de Cola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4223-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Honor\u00e9","family":"Beakgoub\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2040-3662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5557-5539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Laoukol\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0863-1061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sol","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1684_CR1","volume-title":"Global technical strategy for malaria 2016\u20132030","author":"World Health Organzation","year":"2015","unstructured":"World Health Organzation. 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The study was approved by the National\u00a0BioEthics\u00a0Committee of Chad (N\u00b00173\/PR\/MESRI\/SG\/CNBT\/2020) and the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Research Ethics Committee (19-071) which waived the requirement for informed consent. All methods in this study were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"326"}}