{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T03:08:50Z","timestamp":1783480130335,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":115,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Health Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>ICD-11 provides a promising new way to capture healthcare-related harm or injury. In this paper, we elaborate on the framework for describing healthcare-related events where there is a presumed causal link between an event and underlying healthcare-related factors. The three-part model for describing healthcare-related harm or injury in ICD-11 consists of (1) a healthcare-related activity that is the <jats:italic>cause<\/jats:italic> of injury or other harm (selected from Chapter 23 of ICD-11); (2) a <jats:italic>mode<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>mechanism<\/jats:italic> of injury or harm, related to the underlying cause (also from Chapter 23 of ICD-11); and (3) the harmful consequences of the event to the patient, selected from any of Chapters 1 through 22 of ICD-11 (most importantly, the injury or harm experienced by the patient). Concepts from these three elements are linked\/clustered through <jats:italic>postcoordination<\/jats:italic> to reflect the three-part model in a single coded expression. ICD-11 contains many novel features, and the three-part model described here for healthcare-related adverse events is a notable example.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-022-01786-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T08:04:33Z","timestamp":1645689873000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The three-part model for coding causes and mechanisms of healthcare-related adverse events"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0006-0033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle A.","family":"Southern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick S.","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Annick","family":"Le Pogam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold A.","family":"Pincus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Ghali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1786_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzt074","volume":"25","author":"WA Ghali","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ghali WA, Pincus HA, Southern DA, Brien SE, Romano PS, Burnand B, Dr\u00f6sler SE, Sundararajan V, Moskal L, Forster AJ, Gurevich Y, Quan H, Colin C, Munier WB, Harrison J, Spaeth-Rublee B, Kastanjsek N, \u00dcst\u00fcn TB. Icd-11 for quality and safety: overview of the who quality and safety topic advisory group. Int J Qual Healthcare. 2013;25(6):621\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Qual Healthcare"},{"key":"1786_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2139","volume":"353","author":"M Makary","year":"2016","unstructured":"Makary M, Daniel M. Medical error\u2014the third leading cause of death in the US. BMJ. 2016;353: i2139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.i2139.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1786_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzv099","volume":"28","author":"DA Southern","year":"2016","unstructured":"Southern DA, Pincus HA, Romano PS, Burnand B, Harrison J, Pickett D, Forster AJ, Moskal L, Quan H, Droesler SE, Sundararajan V, Collin C, Gurevich Y, Brien SE, Kostanjsek N, \u00dcst\u00fcn B, Ghali WA. Enhanced capture of healthcare-related harms and injuries in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). 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Accessed 25 June 2020."},{"key":"1786_CR8","unstructured":"World Health Organization. ICD-11 Coding Tool. https:\/\/icd.who.int\/devct11\/icd11_mms\/en\/current. Accessed 15 July 2020."},{"key":"1786_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzx070","volume":"29","author":"AJ Forster","year":"2017","unstructured":"Forster AJ, Burnand B, Droesler S, Gurevich Y, Harrison J, Januel JM, Romano PS, Southern DA, Sundararajan V, Quan H, Vanderloo SE, Pincus HA, Ghali WA. A World Health Organization field trial assessing a proposed ICD-11 framework for classifying patient safety events. Int J Qual Healthcare. 2017;29:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Qual Healthcare"},{"key":"1786_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eastwood C et al. Advancing data collection of hospital-related harms: validity of the new ICD-11 quality and safety use case. Int J Popul Data Sci. 2014; 3(4).","DOI":"10.23889\/ijpds.v3i4.986"},{"key":"1786_CR11","first-page":"52372","volume":"19","author":"R Berry-Millett","year":"2009","unstructured":"Berry-Millett R, Bodenheimer TS. Care management of patients with complex healthcare needs. Synth Proj Res Synth Rep. 2009;19:52372 (Epub 2009 Dec 16).","journal-title":"Synth Proj Res Synth Rep"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-022-01786-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12911-022-01786-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-022-01786-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T08:06:38Z","timestamp":1645689998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12911-022-01786-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1786"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-022-01786-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 February 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Membership in the Q&S TAG is non-remunerative, and all contributors are free of financial conflict of interest. None of the authors have any competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"376"}}