{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T05:20:58Z","timestamp":1739510458354,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Ankle injuries in parcel delivery workers (PDWs) are most often caused by trips. Ankle sprains have high recurrence rates and are associated with chronic ankle instability (CAI). This study aimed to develop, determine, and compare the predictive performance of statistical machine learning models to classify PDWs with and without CAI using postural control, ankle range of motion, ankle joint muscle strength, and anatomical deformity variables.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>244 PDWs who had worked in parcel delivery for more than 6 months were screened for eligibility. Thirteen predictors were included in the study: 12 numeric (age, body mass index, work duration, the number of balance retrials eyes-closed single-limb stance, Y-balance test, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, lunge angle, strength ratio of the evertor in plantar flexion and neutral position to the invertor, ankle dorsiflexor strength, navicular drop, and resting calcaneal stance position) and one categorical (success of the eyes-closed single-limb stance). Five machine learning algorithms, including LASSO logistic regression, Extreme Gradient boosting machine, support vector machine, Na\u00efve Bayes machine, and random forest\u2013were trained.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The support vector machine and random forest models confirmed good predictive performance in the training and test datasets, respectively, for PDWs. For the Shapley Additive Explanations, among the five machine learning models, the variables entered into three or more models were low ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, low lunge angle, high body mass index, old age, a high number of balance retrials of the eyes-closed single-limb stance, and low strength ratio of the evertor in the neutral position to the invertor.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our approach produced machine learning models to classify PDWs with and without CAI and confirmed good predictive performance in PDWs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-025-02919-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T13:44:05Z","timestamp":1739454245000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors contributing to chronic ankle instability in parcel delivery workers based on machine learning techniques"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ui-jae","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oh-yun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gyeong-tae","family":"Gwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2919_CR1","first-page":"25","volume":"4","author":"R Sealey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sealey R. Logistics workers and global logistics: the heavy lifters of globalisation. Work Organisation Labour Globalisation. 2010;4(2):25\u201338.","journal-title":"Work Organisation Labour Globalisation"},{"key":"2919_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.05.036","volume":"116","author":"E Pantano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pantano E, Pizzi G, Scarpi D, Dennis C. Competing during a pandemic? Retailers\u2019 ups and downs during the COVID-19 outbreak. J Bus Res. 2020;116:209\u201313.","journal-title":"J Bus Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2919_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/17543266.2021.1958926","volume":"15","author":"E Sumarliah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sumarliah E, Usmanova K, Mousa K, Indriya I. E-commerce in the fashion business: the roles of the COVID-19 situational factors, hedonic and utilitarian motives on consumers\u2019 intention to purchase online. Int J Fashion Des Technol Educ. 2022;15(2):167\u201377.","journal-title":"Int J Fashion Des Technol Educ"},{"key":"2919_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranpol.2022.07.003","volume":"126","author":"A Adibfar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adibfar A, Gulhare S, Srinivasan S, Costin A. Analysis and modeling of changes in online shopping behavior due to COVID-19 pandemic: a Florida case study. Transp Policy. 2022;126:162\u201376.","journal-title":"Transp Policy"},{"key":"2919_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-020-03781-8","volume":"295","author":"A Martinez-Sykora","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martinez-Sykora A, McLeod F, Lamas-Fernandez C, Bekta\u015f T, Cherrett T, Allen J. Optimised solutions to the last-mile delivery problem in London using a combination of walking and driving. Ann Oper Res. 2020;295:645\u201393.","journal-title":"Ann Oper Res"},{"key":"2919_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2017.07.020","volume":"61","author":"J Allen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Allen J, Piecyk M, Piotrowska M, McLeod F, Cherrett T, Ghali K, et al. Understanding the impact of e-commerce on last-mile light goods vehicle activity in urban areas: the case of London. Transp Res Part D: Transp Environ. 2018;61:325\u201338.","journal-title":"Transp Res Part D: Transp Environ"},{"key":"2919_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4163","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4163","volume":"5","author":"S Gonz\u00e1lez-I\u00f1igo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-I\u00f1igo S, Munuera-Mart\u00ednez PV, Lafuente-Sotillos G, Castillo-L\u00f3pez JM, Ramos-Ortega J, Dom\u00ednguez-Maldonado G. Ankle sprain as a work-related accident: status of proprioception after 2 weeks. PeerJ. 2017;5:e4163.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2919_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737010-00006","volume":"37","author":"DT-P Fong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fong DT-P, Hong Y, Chan L-K, Yung PS-H, Chan K-M. A systematic review on ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports. Sports Med. 2007;37:73\u201394.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2919_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1080\/001401398186027","volume":"41","author":"TA Bentley","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bentley TA. Slip, trip and fall accidents occurring during the delivery of mail. Ergonomics. 1998;41(12):1859\u201372.","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2919_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-6870(00)00048-X","volume":"32","author":"TA Bentley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bentley TA, Haslam R. Identification of risk factors and countermeasures for slip, trip and fall accidents during the delivery of mail. Appl Ergon. 2001;32(2):127\u201334.","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"issue":"1","key":"2919_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516660980","volume":"45","author":"KG Roos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roos KG, Kerr ZY, Mauntel TC, Djoko A, Dompier TP, Wikstrom EA. The epidemiology of lateral ligament complex ankle sprains in National Collegiate Athletic Association sports. Am J Sports Med. 2017;45(1):201\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"2919_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0218-2","volume":"44","author":"AS Attenborough","year":"2014","unstructured":"Attenborough AS, Hiller CE, Smith RM, Stuelcken M, Greene A, Sinclair PJ. Chronic ankle instability in sporting populations. Sports Med. 2014;44:1545\u201356.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2919_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-47.3.08","volume":"47","author":"PA Gribble","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gribble PA, Hertel J, Plisky P. Using the Star Excursion Balance Test to assess dynamic postural-control deficits and outcomes in lower extremity injury: a literature and systematic review. J Athl Train. 2012;47(3):339\u201357.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"1","key":"2919_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-48.6.09","volume":"49","author":"SW Linens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Linens SW, Ross SE, Arnold BL, Gayle R, Pidcoe P. Postural-stability tests that identify individuals with chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train. 2014;49(1):15\u201323.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2919_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2016.07.008","volume":"23","author":"TL Grindstaff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grindstaff TL, Dolan N, Morton SK. Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion influences lateral step down Test scores in individuals with chronic ankle instability. Phys Ther Sport. 2017;23:75\u201381.","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"1","key":"2919_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.03.186","volume":"40","author":"M Terada","year":"2014","unstructured":"Terada M, Harkey MS, Wells AM, Pietrosimone BG, Gribble PA. The influence of ankle dorsiflexion and self-reported patient outcomes on dynamic postural control in participants with chronic ankle instability. Gait Posture. 2014;40(1):193\u20137.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"6","key":"2919_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.29.6.696","volume":"29","author":"P David","year":"2013","unstructured":"David P, Halimi M, Mora I, Doutrellot P-L, Petitjean M. Isokinetic testing of evertor and invertor muscles in patients with chronic ankle instability. J Appl Biomech. 2013;29(6):696\u2013704.","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"key":"2919_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0781-4","volume":"48","author":"C Thompson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson C, Schabrun S, Romero R, Bialocerkowski A, van Dieen J, Marshall P. Factors contributing to chronic ankle instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews. Sports Med. 2018;48:189\u2013205.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2919_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.12.009","volume":"48","author":"F Saki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saki F, Yalfani A, Fousekis K, Sodejani SH, Ramezani F. Anatomical risk factors of lateral ankle sprain in adolescent athletes: a prospective cohort study. Phys Ther Sport. 2021;48:26\u201334.","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"2919_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.07.302","volume":"49","author":"S Tavakoli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tavakoli S, Forghany S, Nester C. The effect of dual tasking on foot kinematics in people with functional ankle instability. Gait Posture. 2016;49:364\u201370.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"6","key":"2919_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-478-17","volume":"54","author":"SJ Son","year":"2019","unstructured":"Son SJ, Kim H, Seeley MK, Hopkins JT. Altered walking neuromechanics in patients with chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train. 2019;54(6):684\u201397.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"6","key":"2919_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-344-18","volume":"54","author":"J Hertel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hertel J, Corbett RO. An updated model of chronic ankle instability. J Athl Train. 2019;54(6):572\u201388.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"2919_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.02.004","volume":"110","author":"E Christodoulou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Christodoulou E, Ma J, Collins GS, Steyerberg EW, Verbakel JY, Van Calster B. A systematic review shows no performance benefit of machine learning over logistic regression for clinical prediction models. J Clin Epidemiol. 2019;110:12\u201322.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2919_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07188-w","volume":"31","author":"BX Liew","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liew BX, Kovacs FM, R\u00fcgamer D, Royuela A. Machine learning versus logistic regression for prognostic modelling in individuals with non-specific neck pain. Eur Spine J. 2022;31(8):2082\u201391.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"2919_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2017.03.011","volume":"31","author":"P Linek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Linek P, Sikora D, Wolny T, Saulicz E. Reliability and number of trials of Y balance test in adolescent athletes. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2017;31:72\u20135.","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Sci Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"2919_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.03.180","volume":"40","author":"C Doherty","year":"2014","unstructured":"Doherty C, Bleakley C, Hertel J, Caulfield B, Ryan J, Delahunt E. Balance failure in single limb stance due to ankle sprain injury: an analysis of center of pressure using the fractal dimension method. Gait Posture. 2014;40(1):172\u20136.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"4","key":"2919_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2002.32.4.166","volume":"32","author":"CR Denegar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Denegar CR, Hertel J, Fonseca J. The effect of lateral ankle sprain on dorsiflexion range of motion, posterior talar glide, and joint laxity. J Orthop Sports Phys Therapy. 2002;32(4):166\u201373.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Therapy"},{"issue":"7","key":"2919_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2016.11.001","volume":"20","author":"EA Hall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hall EA, Docherty CL. Validity of clinical outcome measures to evaluate ankle range of motion during the weight-bearing lunge test. J Sci Med Sport. 2017;20(7):618\u201321.","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"4","key":"2919_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100719898464","volume":"41","author":"S-h Ahn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahn S-h, Hwang U-j, Gwak G-t, Yoo H-i. Kwon O-y. comparison of the strength and electromyography of the evertor muscles with and without toe flexion in patients with chronic ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 2020;41(4):479\u201385.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2919_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzy149","volume":"99","author":"JC Zuil-Escobar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zuil-Escobar JC, Mart\u00ednez-Cepa CB, Mart\u00edn-Urrialde JA, G\u00f3mez-Conesa A. Evaluating the medial longitudinal arch of the foot: correlations, reliability, and accuracy in people with a low arch. Phys Ther. 2019;99(3):364\u201372.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2919_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2019.09.003","volume":"74","author":"Y Cho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cho Y, Park J-W, Nam K. The relationship between foot posture index and resting calcaneal stance position in elementary school students. Gait Posture. 2019;74:142\u20137.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"5","key":"2919_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.594929","volume":"115","author":"KH Zou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zou KH, O\u2019Malley AJ, Mauri L. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis for evaluating diagnostic tests and predictive models. Circulation. 2007;115(5):654\u20137.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"2919_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2018-0284","volume":"29","author":"J Vaulerin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vaulerin J, Chorin F, Emile M, d\u2019Arripe-Longueville F, Colson SS. Ankle sprains risk factors in a sample of French firefighters: a preliminary prospective study. J Sport Rehabilitation. 2019;29(5):608\u201315.","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"12","key":"2919_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13279","volume":"28","author":"J Ko","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ko J, Rosen AB, Brown CN. Functional performance tests identify lateral ankle sprain risk: a prospective pilot study in adolescent soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;28(12):2611\u20136.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"7","key":"2919_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2021.02.004","volume":"24","author":"J Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han J, Yang Z, Adams R, Ganderton C, Witchalls J, Waddington G. Ankle inversion proprioception measured during landing in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability. J Sci Med Sport. 2021;24(7):665\u20139.","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"6","key":"2919_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2008.07.003","volume":"12","author":"LK Drewes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Drewes LK, McKeon PO, Kerrigan DC, Hertel J. Dorsiflexion deficit during jogging with chronic ankle instability. J Sci Med Sport. 2009;12(6):685\u20137.","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"10","key":"2919_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20235","volume":"24","author":"E Delahunt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Delahunt E, Monaghan K, Caulfield B. Changes in lower limb kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity in subjects with functional instability of the ankle joint during a single leg drop jump. J Orthop Res. 2006;24(10):1991\u20132000.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2919_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.2940","volume":"39","author":"JM Whitman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Whitman JM, Cleland JA, Mintken P, Keirns M, Bieniek ML, Albin SR, et al. Predicting short-term response to thrust and nonthrust manipulation and exercise in patients post inversion ankle sprain. J Orthop Sports Phys Therapy. 2009;39(3):188\u2013200.","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"2919_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1136\/jisakos-2019-000305","volume":"4","author":"G Vuurberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vuurberg G, Altink N, Rajai M, Blankevoort L, Kerkhoffs GM, Weight. BMI and stability are risk factors associated with lateral ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability: a meta-analysis. J ISAKOS. 2019;4(6):313\u201327.","journal-title":"J ISAKOS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2919_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31815f2b35","volume":"18","author":"CE Hiller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hiller CE, Refshauge KM, Herbert RD, Kilbreath SL. Intrinsic predictors of lateral ankle sprain in adolescent dancers: a prospective cohort study. Clin J Sport Med. 2008;18(1):44\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2919_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512449602","volume":"40","author":"K Fousekis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fousekis K, Tsepis E, Vagenas G. Intrinsic risk factors of noncontact ankle sprains in soccer: a prospective study on 100 professional players. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40(8):1842\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2919_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000992","volume":"48","author":"K Song","year":"2016","unstructured":"Song K, Burcal CJ, Hertel J, Wikstrom EA. Increased visual use in chronic ankle instability: a Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(10):2046\u201356.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"7","key":"2919_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717701231","volume":"38","author":"L Donnelly","year":"2017","unstructured":"Donnelly L, Donovan L, Hart JM, Hertel J. Eversion strength and surface electromyography measures with and without chronic ankle instability measured in 2 positions. Foot Ankle Int. 2017;38(7):769\u201378.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-025-02919-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12911-025-02919-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-025-02919-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T13:55:22Z","timestamp":1739454922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12911-025-02919-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-025-02919-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The present study conformed to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declarations of Helsinki. The requirement for informed consent was waived by Yonsei University Mirae Campus Institutional review board approval (1041849-202301-BM-016-01) because of the retrospective nature of the study. Ethical approval was obtained from Yonsei University Mirae Campus Institutional review board.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"80"}}