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NHANES is a publicly available database that collects health information from a nationally representative sample of the US population. Ethical approval for NHANES was obtained by NCHS, and all participants provided written informed consent prior to their participation in the survey. The consent form explained the purpose of the survey, procedures involved, potential risks and benefits, confidentiality measures, and the right to withdraw from the survey at any time without penalty. Participants were also informed that their data would be kept confidential and used only for research purposes.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"105"}}