{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T05:36:42Z","timestamp":1775108202401,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-025-02967-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T12:17:29Z","timestamp":1755173849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Process mining in healthcare: a tertiary study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Adauto","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gislaine Camila Lapasini","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Balancieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2967_CR1","unstructured":"Constitution of the World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/about\/governance\/constitution. 6 Jul 2024."},{"key":"2967_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"OECD. Estudos da OCDE Sobre Os Sistemas de Sa\u00fade: brasil 2021. 2021. p. 221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/f2b7ee85-pt.","DOI":"10.1787\/f2b7ee85-pt"},{"issue":"2","key":"2967_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2229156.2229157","volume":"3","author":"W Van Der Aalst","year":"2012","unstructured":"Van Der Aalst W. Process mining: overview and opportunities. ACM Trans Manage Inf Syst (TMIS). 2012;3(2):1\u201317.","journal-title":"ACM Trans Manage Inf Syst (TMIS)."},{"key":"2967_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.05.003","volume":"133","author":"C Santos Garcia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Santos Garcia C, Meincheim A, Junior ERF, Dallagassa MR, Sato DMV, Carvalho DR, Santos EAP, Scalabrin EE. Process mining techniques and applications\u2013a systematic mapping study. Expert Syst Appl. 2019;133:260\u201395.","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl."},{"key":"2967_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farid NF, De Kamps M, Johnson OA. Process mining in frail elderly care: a literature review. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Joint Conference on Biomedical Engineering Systems and Technologies-Volume 5: HEALTHINF. SciTePress, Science and Technology Publications; 2019. vol. 5, pp. 332\u201339.","DOI":"10.5220\/0007392903320339"},{"key":"2967_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kusuma G, Kurniati A, McInerney CD, Hall M, Gale CP, Johnson O. Process mining of disease trajectories in mimic-iii: a case study. In: International Conference on Process Mining. Springer; 2020. pp. 305\u201316.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-72693-5_23"},{"key":"2967_CR7","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcger J, Bergmann R, Kazik Y, Kuhn M. Process mining for case acquisition in oncology: a systematic literature review. LWDA. 2020;2738:162\u201373."},{"issue":"4","key":"2967_CR8","first-page":"226","volume":"8","author":"GP Kusuma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kusuma GP, Hall M, Gale CP, Johnson OA. Process mining in cardiology: a literature review. Int J Biosci Biochem Bioinf. 2018;8(4):226\u201336.","journal-title":"Int J Biosci Biochem Bioinf."},{"key":"2967_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurniati AP, Johnson O, Hogg D, Hall G. Process mining in oncology: a literature review. In: 2016 6th International Conference on Information Communication and Management (ICICM). IEEE; 2016. pp. 291\u201397.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOMAN.2016.7784260"},{"key":"2967_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erdo\u011fan T, Tarhan A. Process mining for healthcare process analytics. In: 2016 Joint Conference of the International Workshop on Software Measurement and the International Conference on Software Process and Product Measurement (IWSM-MENSURA). IEEE; 2016. p. 125\u201330.","DOI":"10.1109\/IWSM-Mensura.2016.027"},{"key":"2967_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2016.04.007","volume":"61","author":"E Rojas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rojas E, Munoz-Gama J, Sep\u00falveda M, Capurro D. Process mining in healthcare: a literature review. J Biomed Inf. 2016;61:224\u201336.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inf."},{"key":"2967_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batista E, Solanas A. Process mining in healthcare: a systematic review. In: 2018 9th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems and Applications (IISA). IEEE; 2018. p. 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/IISA.2018.8633608"},{"issue":"1","key":"2967_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEH.2016.078745","volume":"9","author":"M Ghasemi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghasemi M, Amyot D. Process mining in healthcare: a systematised literature review. Int J Electron Healthcare. 2016;9(1):60\u201388.","journal-title":"Int J Electron Healthcare."},{"key":"2967_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905770","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.905770","volume":"12","author":"AE Tozzi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tozzi AE, Fabozzi F, Eckley M, Croci I, Dell\u2019Anna VA, Colantonio E, Mastronuzzi A. Gaps and opportunities of artificial intelligence applications for pediatric oncology in european research: a systematic review of reviews and a bibliometric analysis. Front Oncol. 2022;12:905770.","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"2967_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-49851-4_1","volume-title":"Data Science in Action","author":"W Van Der Aalst","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van Der Aalst W, Aalst W. Data Science in Action. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2016."},{"key":"2967_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16071-9","volume-title":"Process Mining in Healthcare: evaluating and Exploiting Operational Healthcare Processes","author":"RS Mans","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mans RS, Aalst WM, Vanwersch RJ. Process Mining in Healthcare: evaluating and Exploiting Operational Healthcare Processes. Heidelberg: Springer; 2015."},{"key":"2967_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00fcnther CW, Van Der Aalst WM. Fuzzy mining\u2013adaptive process simplification based on multi-perspective metrics. In: International Conference on Business Process Management. Springer; 2007. p. 328\u201343.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-75183-0_24"},{"key":"2967_CR18","unstructured":"G\u00fcnther CW, Rozinat A. Disco: discover your processes. In: Demonstration Track of the 10th International Conference on Business Process Management, BPM Demos 2012. 2012. p. 40\u201344. CEUR-WS.org"},{"key":"2967_CR19","unstructured":"Leemans SJ. Robust Process Mining with Guarantees. In: BPM (Dissertation\/Demos\/Industry). Springer; 2018. p. 46\u201350."},{"key":"2967_CR20","unstructured":"Homayounfar P. Process mining challenges in hospital information systems. In: 2012 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS). IEEE; 2012. p. 1135\u201340."},{"key":"2967_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","volume":"4","author":"D Moher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, Shekelle P, Stewart LA, Group -P-P. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (prisma-p) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Syst Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2967_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-10411-z","volume":"23","author":"F Iachecen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Iachecen F, Dallagassa MR, Portela Santos EA, Carvalho DR, Ioshii SO. Is it possible to automate the discovery of process maps for the time-driven activity-based costing method? A systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023;23(1):1408.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res."},{"key":"2967_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2022.104076","volume":"130","author":"E Oliart","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oliart E, Rojas E, Capurro D. Are we ready for conformance checking in healthcare? Measuring adherence to clinical guidelines: a scoping systematic literature review. J Biomed Inf. 2022;130:104076.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inf."},{"key":"2967_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rojas E, Arias M, Sep\u00falveda M. Clinical processes and its data, what can we do with them. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Health Informatics (HEALTHINF 2015). Lisbon, Portugal; 2015, p. 12\u201315.","DOI":"10.5220\/0005287206420647"},{"key":"2967_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang W, Su Q. Process mining for clinical pathway: literature review and future directions. In: 2014 11th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM). IEEE; 2014. p. 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSSSM.2014.6943412"},{"issue":"2","key":"2967_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1002\/widm.1442","volume":"12","author":"A Guzzo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guzzo A, Rullo A, Vocaturo E. Process mining applications in the healthcare domain: a comprehensive review. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Data Min Knowl Discovery. 2022;12(2):1442.","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Data Min Knowl Discovery."},{"issue":"4","key":"2967_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2629446","volume":"5","author":"A Partington","year":"2015","unstructured":"Partington A, Wynn M, Suriadi S, Ouyang C, Karnon J. Process mining for clinical processes: a comparative analysis of four australian hospitals. ACM Trans Manage Inf Syst (TMIS). 2015;5(4):1\u201318.","journal-title":"ACM Trans Manage Inf Syst (TMIS)."},{"key":"2967_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24543","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2831244","volume":"6","author":"TG Erdogan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Erdogan TG, Tarhan A. Systematic mapping of process mining studies in healthcare. IEEE Access. 2018;6:24543\u201367.","journal-title":"IEEE Access."},{"key":"2967_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams R, Rojas E, Peek N, Johnson OA. Process mining in primary care: a literature review. Build Continents Knowl Oceans Data Future Co-Created eHealth. 2018;247:376\u201380.","DOI":"10.3233\/978-1-61499-852-5-376"},{"issue":"4","key":"2967_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041348","volume":"17","author":"E Helm","year":"2020","unstructured":"Helm E, Lin AM, Baumgartner D, Lin AC, K\u00fcng J. Towards the use of standardized terms in clinical case studies for process mining in healthcare. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(4):1348.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"2967_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dallagassa MR, Santos Garcia C, Scalabrin EE, Ioshii SO, Carvalho DR. Opportunities and challenges for applying process mining in healthcare: a systematic mapping study. J Ambient Intell Hum Comput. 2022;13:1\u201318.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-021-02894-7"},{"key":"2967_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2022.103995","volume":"127","author":"E De Roock","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Roock E, Martin N. Process mining in healthcare\u2013an updated perspective on the state of the art. J Biomed Inf. 2022;127:103995.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inf."},{"issue":"5","key":"2967_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0000042","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000042","volume":"1","author":"NJ Gunatilleke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gunatilleke NJ, Fleuriot J, Anand A. A literature review on the analysis of symptom-based clinical pathways: time for a different approach? PLOS Digital Health. 2022;1(5):0000042.","journal-title":"PLOS Digital Health."},{"key":"2967_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen K, Abtahi F, Carrero -J-J, Fernandez-Llatas C, Seoane F. Process mining and data mining applications in the domain of chronic diseases: a systematic review. Artif Intell Med. 2023;144:102645.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2023.102645"},{"key":"2967_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Llatas C, Meneu T, Benedi JM, Traver V. Activity-based process mining for clinical pathways computer aided design. In: 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology. IEEE; 2010. p. 6178\u201381.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2010.5627760"},{"issue":"6","key":"2967_CR36","first-page":"55","volume":"27","author":"D Blei","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blei D, Carin L, Dunson D. Probabilistic topic models. IEEE Signal Process Mag. 2010;27(6):55\u201365.","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Mag."},{"issue":"Jan","key":"2967_CR37","first-page":"993","volume":"3","author":"DM Blei","year":"2003","unstructured":"Blei DM, Ng AY, Jordan MI. Latent dirichlet allocation. J Mach Learn Res. 2003;3(Jan):993\u20131022.","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res."},{"key":"2967_CR38","unstructured":"ProM Tools\u2013ProM has moved to GitHub, ask Eric Verbeek for details. https:\/\/promtools.org\/. 7 Jul 2024."},{"key":"2967_CR39","unstructured":"Berti A, Van Zelst SJ, Aalst W. Process mining for python (pm4py): bridging the gap between process-and data science. 2019. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.06169."},{"key":"2967_CR40","unstructured":"Rojas E, Fern\u00e1ndez-Llatas C, Traver V, Munoz-Gama J, Sep\u00falveda M, Herskovic V, Capurro D. Palia-er: bringing question-driven process mining closer to the emergency room. In: BPM (Demos). 2017."},{"issue":"12","key":"2967_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29821","DOI":"10.3390\/s151229769","volume":"15","author":"C Fernandez-Llatas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fernandez-Llatas C, Lizondo A, Monton E, Benedi J-M, Traver V. Process mining methodology for health process tracking using real-time indoor location systems. Sensors. 2015;15(12):29821\u201340.","journal-title":"Sensors."},{"key":"2967_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Eck ML, Lu X, Leemans SJ, Van Der Aalst WM. Pm: a process mining project methodology. In: International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering. Springer; 2015. pp. 297\u2013313.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19069-3_19"},{"key":"2967_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozkaya M, Gabriels J, Werf JM. Process diagnostics: a method based on process mining. In: 2009 International Conference on Information, Process, and Knowledge Management. IEEE; 2009. p. 22\u201327.","DOI":"10.1109\/eKNOW.2009.29"},{"issue":"2","key":"2967_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2011.01.003","volume":"37","author":"\u00c1 Rebuge","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rebuge \u00c1, Ferreira DR. Business process analysis in healthcare environments: a methodology based on process mining. Inform Syst. 2012;37(2):99\u2013116.","journal-title":"Inform Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"2967_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2006.04.007","volume":"61","author":"R Lenz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lenz R, Reichert M. It support for healthcare processes\u2013premises, challenges, perspectives. Data Knowl Eng. 2007;61(1):39\u201358.","journal-title":"Data Knowl Eng."},{"issue":"12","key":"2967_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3572905","volume":"55","author":"Z Kotti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kotti Z, Galanopoulou R, Spinellis D. Machine learning for software engineering: a tertiary study. ACM Comput Surv. 2023;55(12):1\u201339.","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv."},{"issue":"1","key":"2967_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infsof.2008.09.009","volume":"51","author":"B Kitchenham","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kitchenham B, Brereton OP, Budgen D, Turner M, Bailey J, Linkman S. Systematic literature reviews in software engineering\u2013a systematic literature review. Inf Software Technol. 2009;51(1):7\u201315.","journal-title":"Inf Software Technol."}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-025-02967-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12911-025-02967-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-025-02967-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T22:52:42Z","timestamp":1757458362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12911-025-02967-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-025-02967-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This study did not involve human participants, animals, or sensitive data requiring ethical approval.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. No individual personal data is included in this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"306"}}