{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T06:37:27Z","timestamp":1785479847904,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-025-02972-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T05:56:55Z","timestamp":1742968615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effectiveness of various general large language models in clinical consensus and case analysis in dental implantology: a comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yuepeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Jinzhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yican","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2972_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.55248\/gengpi.2022.31261","volume":"3","author":"F Morand\u00edn-Ahuerma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morand\u00edn-Ahuerma F. What is artificial intelligence? Int J Res Publ Rev. 2022;3(12):1947\u201351.","journal-title":"Int J Res Publ Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2972_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48291","DOI":"10.2196\/48291","volume":"9","author":"A Abd-alrazaq","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abd-alrazaq A, AlSaad R, Alhuwail D, Ahmed A, Healy PM, Latifi S, et al. Large Language models in medical education: opportunities, challenges, and future directions. JMIR Med Educ. 2023;9(1):e48291.","journal-title":"JMIR Med Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2972_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-023-00239-y","volume":"15","author":"H Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang H, Zheng O, Wang D, Yin J, Wang Z, Ding S, et al. ChatGPT for shaping the future of dentistry: the potential of multi-modal large Language model. Int J Oral Sci. 2023;15(1):29.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2972_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5212","DOI":"10.3390\/app13085212","volume":"13","author":"J Surovkov\u00e1","year":"2023","unstructured":"Surovkov\u00e1 J, Haluzov\u00e1 S, Strunga M, Urban R, Lifkov\u00e1 M, Thurzo A. The new role of the dental assistant and nurse in the age of advanced artificial intelligence in telehealth orthodontic care with dental monitoring: preliminary report. Appl Sci. 2023;13(8):5212.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2972_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.0295","volume":"184","author":"S Cabral","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cabral S, Restrepo D, Kanjee Z, Wilson P, Crowe B, Abdulnour RE, et al. Clinical reasoning of a generative artificial intelligence model compared with physicians. JAMA Intern Med. 2024;184(5):581.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2972_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-024-10739-5","volume":"38","author":"YK Ghanem","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghanem YK, Rouhi AD, Al-Houssan A, Saleh Z, Moccia MC, Joshi H, et al. Dr. Google to dr. ChatGPT: assessing the content and quality of artificial intelligence-generated medical information on appendicitis. Surg Endosc. 2024;38(5):2887\u201393.","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2972_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.14014","volume":"57","author":"H Mohammad-Rahimi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohammad-Rahimi H, Ourang SA, Pourhoseingholi MA, Dianat O, Dummer PMH, Nosrat A. Validity and reliability of artificial intelligence chatbots as public sources of information on endodontics. Int Endod J. 2024;57(3):305\u201314.","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"11","key":"2972_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2023.07.016","volume":"154","author":"A Danesh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Danesh A, Pazouki H, Danesh K, Danesh F, Danesh A. The performance of artificial intelligence Language models in board-style dental knowledge assessment. J Am Dent Assoc. 2023;154(11):970\u20134.","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2972_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3390\/ai5010009","volume":"5","author":"J Tom\u00e1\u0161ik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tom\u00e1\u0161ik J, Zsoldos M, Oravcov\u00e1 \u013d, Lifkov\u00e1 M, Pavleov\u00e1 G, Strunga M, Thurzo A. AI and face-driven orthodontics: a scoping review of digital advances in diagnosis and treatment planning. AI. 2024;5(1):158\u201376.","journal-title":"AI"},{"key":"2972_CR10","first-page":"e1","volume":"40","author":"G Greenstein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Greenstein G, Cavallaro J, Tarnow D. Dental implantology: numbers clinicians need to know. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2019;40:e1\u201326.","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"2972_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1615\/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2022042721","volume":"33","author":"KK Shah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shah KK, Sivaswamy V. Assessment of knowledge on implant abutment and platform switching among dental specialists practicing implantology. J long Term Eff Med Implants. 2023;33(1):31\u20137.","journal-title":"J long Term Eff Med Implants"},{"issue":"10","key":"2972_CR12","first-page":"e30259","volume":"14","author":"B Fatani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fatani B, Almutairi ES, Almalky HA, Mubarki MI, Al-Safadi A. A comparison of knowledge and skills related to up-to-date implant techniques among prosthodontists, periodontists, and oral surgeons: a cross-sectional study. Cureus. 2022;14(10):e30259.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2972_CR13","volume-title":"Scientific integrity: an introductory text with cases","author":"FL Macrina","year":"1995","unstructured":"Macrina FL. Scientific integrity: an introductory text with cases. Washington DC: ASM; 1995."},{"issue":"1","key":"2972_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-3485.71845","volume":"1","author":"S Sharma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sharma S. How to become a competent medical writer? Perspect Clin Res. 2010;1(1):33\u20137.","journal-title":"Perspect Clin Res"},{"key":"2972_CR15","volume-title":"Under construction: reviewing and producing information reliability on the web","author":"S Adams","year":"2006","unstructured":"Adams S. Under construction: reviewing and producing information reliability on the web. Rotterdam: Erasmus University; 2006."},{"issue":"46","key":"2972_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1407","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.171265","volume":"189","author":"R Collier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Collier R. A call for clarity and quality in medical writing. Can Med Assoc J. 2017;189(46):E1407.","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"2972_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27725","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.27725","volume":"6","author":"P Plav\u00e9n-Sigray","year":"2017","unstructured":"Plav\u00e9n-Sigray P, Matheson GJ, Schiffler BC, Thompson WH. The readability of scientific texts is decreasing over time. eLife. 2017;6:e27725.","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"11","key":"2972_CR18","first-page":"e1","volume":"61","author":"PMJ Stuyt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stuyt PMJ. Why don\u2019t medical textbooks teach? The lack of logic in the differential diagnosis. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2003;61(11):e1\u20135.","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"2972_CR19","unstructured":"Roger A, A\u00efmeur E, Rish I. Towards ethical multimodal systems. arXiv [Preprint]. 2023 [cited 2024 May 23]. Available from: arxiv:2304.13765."},{"key":"2972_CR20","volume-title":"Information retrieval","author":"CJ van Rijsbergen","year":"1979","unstructured":"van Rijsbergen CJ. Information retrieval. 2nd ed. London: Butterworth; 1979.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"3","key":"2972_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2007.11.018","volume":"70","author":"AI Charvet-Berard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Charvet-Berard AI, Chopard P, Perneger TV. Measuring quality of patient information documents with an expanded EQIP scale. Patient Educ Couns. 2008;70(3):407\u201311.","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"2972_CR22","volume-title":"Essentials of biostatistics for public health","author":"LM Sullivan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sullivan LM. Essentials of biostatistics for public health. 4th ed. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2022.","edition":"4"},{"key":"2972_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-02958-w","author":"M Masalkhi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Masalkhi M, Ong J, Waisberg E, Lee AG. Google DeepMind\u2019s gemini AI versus ChatGPT: a comparative analysis in ophthalmology. Eye. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-024-02958-w.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"6","key":"2972_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.1144","volume":"141","author":"A Mihalache","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mihalache A, Popovic MM, Muni RH. Performance of an artificial intelligence chatbot in ophthalmic knowledge assessment. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2023;141(6):589\u201395.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2972_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03067-4","author":"A Mihalache","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mihalache A, Grad J, Patil NS, Huang RS, Popovic MM, Mallipatna A, et al. Google gemini and bard artificial intelligence chatbot performance in ophthalmology knowledge assessment. Eye. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-024-03067-4.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"2972_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47479","DOI":"10.2196\/47479","volume":"25","author":"HL Walker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Walker HL, Ghani S, Kuemmerli C, Nebiker CA, M\u00fcller BP, Raptis DA, et al. Reliability of medical information provided by ChatGPT: assessment against clinical guidelines and patient information quality instrument. J Med Internet Res. 2023;25:e47479.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2972_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.21541\/apjess.1293702","volume":"11","author":"\u00d6 Ayd\u0131n","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ayd\u0131n \u00d6, Karaarslan E. Is ChatGPT leading generative AI? What is beyond expectations? APJESS. 2023;11(3):118\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21541\/apjess.1293702.","journal-title":"APJESS"},{"key":"2972_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06625-4","volume":"263","author":"D Bahir","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bahir D, Zur O, Attal L, et al. Gemini AI vs. ChatGPT: A comprehensive examination alongside ophthalmology residents in medical knowledge. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2025;263:527\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-024-06625-4.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2972_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44411-025-00043-6","author":"A Thurzo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Thurzo A, Varga I. Advances in 4D shape-memory resins for AI-aided personalized scaffold bioengineering. Bratisl Med J. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44411-025-00043-6.","journal-title":"Bratisl Med J"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-025-02972-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12911-025-02972-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-025-02972-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T05:58:06Z","timestamp":1742968686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedinformdecismak.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12911-025-02972-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2972"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-025-02972-2","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4613092\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The research protocol received evaluation and authorization from the Ethics Committee of the Zhejiang Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (No. QT2023249). All patient medical records used in this study were included with the informed consent of the patients. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and consent to its publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The study was conducted following the International Team for Implantology (ITI) Clinical Guidebook Series standards and relevant clinical practice guidelines for dental implantology.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Relevant guidelines and regulations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"147"}}