{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T02:36:00Z","timestamp":1770086160382,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Changsha Municipal Health Research Project","award":["KJ-202505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJ-202505"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Fund General Project","award":["No.23YBA167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.23YBA167"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Project","award":["No.22A0427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.22A0427"]}]},{"name":"Bureau of Science and Technology of Changsha","award":["No.kzd2401043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.kzd2401043"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2025JJ80484"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JJ80484"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-025-03336-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T06:39:19Z","timestamp":1767422359000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predicting the risk of activities of daily living dysfunction in middle-aged and older adults with comorbid hypertension and diabetes: a national population-based survey analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Fangbo","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianwen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3336_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04383-2","volume":"23","author":"S Woo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Woo S, Cui Y, Kim S, Choi M. Gender differences in caregiver attitudes and unmet needs for activities of daily living (ADL) assistance among older adults with disabilities. BMC Geriatr. 2023;23(1):671.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"3336_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui Y, Choi M. Assessment of the daily living activities of older people (2004\u20132023): a bibliometric and visual analysis. Healthc (Basel Switzerland) 2024;12(12).","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12121180"},{"issue":"9967","key":"3336_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61347-7","volume":"385","author":"MJ Prince","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prince MJ, Wu F, Guo Y, Gutierrez Robledo LM, O\u2019Donnell M, Sullivan R, Yusuf S. The burden of disease in older people and implications for health policy and practice. Lancet (London England). 2015;385(9967):549\u201362.","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3336_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-05483-3","volume":"24","author":"R Hashemi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hashemi R, Rabizadeh S, Yadegar A, Mohammadi F, Rajab A, Karimpour Reyhan S, Seyedi SA, Esteghamati A, Nakhjavani M. High prevalence of comorbidities in older adult patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Geriatr. 2024;24(1):873.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"3336_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dinarvand D, Panthakey J, Heidari A, Hassan A, Ahmed MH. The intersection between frailty, diabetes, and hypertension: the critical role of community geriatricians and pharmacists in deprescribing. J Personalized Med 2024;14(9).","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14090924"},{"issue":"4","key":"3336_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-021-00846-4","volume":"45","author":"K Sugimoto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sugimoto K, Yamamoto K. Hypertension, the decline of activities of daily living (ADL) and frailty. Hypertens Research: Official J Japanese Soc Hypertens. 2022;45(4):629\u201334.","journal-title":"Hypertens Research: Official J Japanese Soc Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"3336_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2009.04.017","volume":"50","author":"JC Mill\u00e1n-Calenti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mill\u00e1n-Calenti JC, Tub\u00edo J, Pita-Fern\u00e1ndez S, Gonz\u00e1lez-Abraldes I, Lorenzo T, Fern\u00e1ndez-Arruty T, Maseda A. Prevalence of functional disability in activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and associated factors, as predictors of morbidity and mortality. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2010;50(3):306\u201310.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3336_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-05927-4","volume":"25","author":"E Taylor","year":"2025","unstructured":"Taylor E, Goodwin VA, Clegg A, Brown L, Frost J, Ball S. Predictors of independence in older people: A longitudinal, population-based study using the CARE75\u2009+\u2009cohort. BMC Geriatr. 2025;25(1):288.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3336_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1192-1","volume":"19","author":"NH Jonkman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jonkman NH, Colpo M, Klenk J, Todd C, Hoekstra T, Del Panta V, Rapp K, van Schoor NM, Bandinelli S, Heymans MW, et al. Development of a clinical prediction model for the onset of functional decline in people aged 65\u201375 years: pooled analysis of four European cohort studies. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1):179.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"3336_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meints SM. RR <>Edwards 2018 Evaluating psychosocial contributions to chronic pain outcomes. Prog Neuro-psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 87 Pt B 168\u201382.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2018.01.017"},{"key":"3336_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan A, Wallace E, O\u2019Hara P, Smith SM. Multimorbidity and functional decline in community-dwelling adults: a systematic review. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2015;13:168.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-015-0355-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"3336_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys203","volume":"43","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Hu Y, Smith JP, Strauss J, Yang G. Cohort profile: the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS). Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(1):61\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3336_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-024-00937-8","volume":"15","author":"T Shoji","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shoji T, Kogure K, Toda N, Hakoshima M, Katsuyama H, Yanai H, Tokunaga S, Tateoka K, Tsuji T, Okura T. Association between comorbidities associated with diabetes and higher-level functional status in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional study. Eur Geriatr Med. 2024;15(4):1101\u201310.","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3336_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-04832-6","volume":"24","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Y, Jiang M, Ren X, Han L, Zheng X, Wu W. Hypertension combined with limitations in activities of daily living and the risk for cardiovascular disease. BMC Geriatr. 2024;24(1):225.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"31","key":"3336_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4536","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004536","volume":"95","author":"J Qian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qian J, Ren X. Association between comorbid conditions and BADL\/IADL disability in hypertension patients over age 45: based on the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS). Medicine. 2016;95(31):e4536.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"3336_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi K, Jeon GS, Cho SI. Prospective study on the impact of fear of falling on functional decline among community dwelling elderly women. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(5).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14050469"},{"issue":"5","key":"3336_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12787","volume":"62","author":"AX Lo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lo AX, Brown CJ, Sawyer P, Kennedy RE, Allman RM. Life-space mobility declines associated with incident falls and fractures. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(5):919\u201323.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"3336_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15699","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15699","volume":"11","author":"C Lektip","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lektip C, Chaovalit S, Wattanapisit A, Lapmanee S, Nawarat J, Yaemrattanakul W. Home hazard modification programs for reducing falls in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ. 2023;11:e15699.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"3336_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736684","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.736684","volume":"12","author":"HEW Abzhandadze","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abzhandadze HEW, Rafsten T, Sunnerhagen L. Dependency in activities of daily living during the first year after stroke. Front Neurol. 2021;12:736684.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"3336_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2025.104460","volume":"107","author":"ML Mtambo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mtambo ML, Ragunathan T, Mohan D, Warren N, Su TT, Quek KF. Post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia research in Southeast asia: A scoping review. Asian J Psychiatry. 2025;107:104460.","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"3336_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.131589","volume":"9","author":"AM Reynolds","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reynolds AM, Peters DM, Vendemia JM, Smith LP, Sweet RC, Baylis GC, Krotish D, Fritz SL. Neuronal injury in the motor cortex after chronic stroke and lower limb motor impairment: a voxel-based lesion symptom mapping study. Neural Regeneration Res. 2014;9(7):766\u201372.","journal-title":"Neural Regeneration Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"3336_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e040119","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.040119","volume":"14","author":"N El Husseini","year":"2025","unstructured":"El Husseini N, Nichols M, Owolabi M. Improving access to primordial and primary stroke prevention: global considerations. J Am Heart Association. 2025;14(16):e040119.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"3336_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827618812395","volume":"13","author":"JM Rippe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rippe JM. Lifestyle strategies for risk factor Reduction, Prevention, and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2019;13(2):204\u201312.","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"},{"key":"3336_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102065","volume":"88","author":"SJ Horne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Horne SJ, Topp TE, Quigley L. Depression and the willingness to expend cognitive and physical effort for rewards: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2021;88:102065.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"3336_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22063","volume":"30","author":"RS McIntyre","year":"2013","unstructured":"McIntyre RS, Cha DS, Soczynska JK, Woldeyohannes HO, Gallaugher LA, Kudlow P, Alsuwaidan M, Baskaran A. Cognitive deficits and functional outcomes in major depressive disorder: determinants, substrates, and treatment interventions. Depress Anxiety. 2013;30(6):515\u201327.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"3336_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.03.022","volume":"161","author":"S Pishdadian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pishdadian S, Martins F, Milanovic M, Doell FK, Kidd SA, Grossman MJ. Emotion regulation relates to clinical characteristics and quality of life but not daily functioning in psychosis spectrum outpatients. J Psychiatr Res. 2023;161:289\u201397.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"3336_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.11.019","volume":"250","author":"LJ Martinuzzi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martinuzzi LJ, Strassnig MT, Depp CA, Moore RC, Ackerman R, Pinkham AE, Harvey PD. A closer look at avolition in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: persistence of different types of activities over time. Schizophr Res. 2022;250:188\u201395.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"3336_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u010cerne Kolari\u010d J, Plemenita\u0161 Ilje\u0161 A, Kraner D, G\u00f6nc V, Lorber M, Mlinar Relji\u0107 N, Fekonja Z, Kmetec S. Long-term impact of community psychiatric care on quality of life amongst people living with schizophrenia: a systematic review. Healthc (Basel Switzerland). 2024;12(17).","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12171750"},{"key":"3336_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339801","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1339801","volume":"14","author":"R Hird","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hird R, Radhakrishnan R, Tsai J. A systematic review of approaches to improve medication adherence in homeless adults with psychiatric disorders. Front Psychiatry. 2023;14:1339801.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"3336_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh A, Akkala S, Nayak M, Kotlo A, Poondla N, Raza S, Stankovich J, Antony B. Impact of pain on activities of daily living in older adults: a cross-sectional analysis of Korean longitudinal study of aging (KLoSA). Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) 2024;9(3).","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics9030065"},{"key":"3336_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330720","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1330720","volume":"15","author":"EF Acoba","year":"2024","unstructured":"Acoba EF. Social support and mental health: the mediating role of perceived stress. Front Psychol. 2024;15:1330720.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3336_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-05947-0","volume":"25","author":"C Pollak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pollak C, Pham Y, Ehrlich A, Verghese J, Blumen HM. Loneliness and social isolation risk factors in community-dwelling older adults receiving home health services. BMC Geriatr. 2025;25(1):290.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3336_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-10094-9","volume":"21","author":"S Blancafort Alias","year":"2021","unstructured":"Blancafort Alias S, Monteser\u00edn Nadal R, Moral I, Roqu\u00e9 F\u00edgols M, Rojano ILX, Coll-Planas L. Promoting social capital, self-management and health literacy in older adults through a group-based intervention delivered in low-income urban areas: results of the randomized trial AEQUALIS. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):84.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"3336_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.07.024","volume":"46","author":"J Rodriguez-JenKins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rodriguez-JenKins J, Marcenko MO. Parenting stress among child welfare involved families: differences by child placement. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2014;46:19\u201327.","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"3336_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mobolaji JW. Unmet needs for support in activities of daily living among older persons: the effects of family and household structures in a low- and middle-income context. Geriatr (Basel Switzerland) 2024;9(1).","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics9010005"},{"key":"3336_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang J, Xie W, Lin X, Li H. Parenting stress, parent\u2013child literacy activities, and pre-schoolers\u2019 reading interest: the moderation role of child number in Chinese families. Sustainability. 2022;14(23):15783.","DOI":"10.3390\/su142315783"},{"key":"3336_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292738","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1292738","volume":"11","author":"P Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang P, Xiong Y, Chen M, Zhang H, Sun N, Wu F, Yang J, Ren Y. The relationship between hypertriglyceridemic wait-to-height ratio and hypertension-diabetes comorbidity among older adult. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1292738.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"3336_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1089","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(24)00250-0","volume":"9","author":"Y Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu Y, Lu J, Li M, Wang T, Wang K, Cao Q, Ding Y, Xiang Y, Wang S, Yang Q, et al. Diabetes in China part 1: epidemiology and risk factors. Lancet Public Health. 2024;9(12):e1089\u201397.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"3336_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.108185","volume":"34","author":"S Fukuda","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fukuda S, Yamamoto N, Tomita Y, Matsumoto T, Shinohara T, Ohno T, Fukuda H, Ueba T. Development and validation of clinical prediction model for functional independence measure following stroke rehabilitation. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Diseases: Official J Natl Stroke Association. 2025;34(2):108185.","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Diseases: Official J Natl Stroke Association"},{"key":"3336_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109114","volume":"182","author":"YH Tsai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tsai YH, Chuang LL, Lee YJ, Chiu CJ. How does diabetes accelerate normal aging? An examination of ADL, IADL, and mobility disability in Middle-aged and older adults with and without diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021;182:109114.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"3336_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2020.1820587","volume":"44","author":"L Fettes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fettes L, Neo J, Ashford S, Higginson IJ, Maddocks M. Trajectories of disability in activities of daily living in advanced cancer or respiratory disease: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(10):1790\u2013801.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12911-025-03336-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-025-03336-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-025-03336-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T13:32:33Z","timestamp":1770039153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12911-025-03336-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-025-03336-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The CHARLS study received ethical approval from the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052\u201311015). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. This study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"37"}}