{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T03:00:34Z","timestamp":1773802834931,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":42,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-026-03339-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T16:46:28Z","timestamp":1770137188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Establishing a prediction model for the therapeutic outcomes of short-term and long-term orthokeratology treatment: using baseline data and changes in AL as dynamic variables"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zixun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaoxue","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Boxuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ruihua","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3339_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000230","volume":"5","author":"K Ohno-Matsui","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ohno-Matsui K. Pathologic myopia. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2016;5(6):415\u201323.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (phila)"},{"issue":"5","key":"3339_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","volume":"123","author":"BA Holden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, et al. Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(5):1036\u201342.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"10","key":"3339_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2397-1660","volume":"241","author":"C Schmucker","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schmucker C, Lagr\u00e8ze WA. Multifocal Optics for Myopia Control. Multifokale Optiken zur Kontrolle der Myopie. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2024;241(10):1129\u201333.","journal-title":"Klin Monbl Augenheilkd"},{"issue":"6","key":"3339_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-024-00951-w","volume":"13","author":"LS Eppenberger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eppenberger LS, Grzybowski A, Schmetterer L, Ang M. Myopia control: are we ready for an evidence based approach? Ophthalmol Ther. 2024;13(6):1453\u201377.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"3339_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.18502\/jovr.v15i2.6739","volume":"15","author":"K Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh K, Bhattacharyya M, Goel A, Arora R, Gotmare N, Aggarwal H. Orthokeratology in moderate myopia: a study of predictability and Safety. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2020;15(2):210\u201317.","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3339_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000001069","volume":"50","author":"ER Ritchey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ritchey ER, Gregory HR, Nti AN, Berntsen DA. Intraocular straylight and Multifocal Soft Contact lenses fit with a myopia control approach. Eye Contact Lenses. 2024;50(4):171\u201376.","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lenses"},{"issue":"8","key":"3339_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2023.2288180","volume":"107","author":"M Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang M, Ji N, Yu SA, Liang LL, Ma JX, Fu AC. Comparison of 0.02% atropine eye drops, peripheral myopia defocus design spectacle lenseses, and orthokeratology for myopia control. Clin Exp Optom. 2024;107(8):813\u201319.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"3339_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554432","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1554432","volume":"13","author":"W Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang W, Rong H, Hei K, et al. A deep learning-assisted automatic measurement of tear meniscus height on ocular surface images and its application in myopia control. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025;13:1554432.","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3339_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093210","volume":"12","author":"KY Choi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choi KY, Cheung JKW, Wong GTK, et al. Myopia control efficacy and long-term Safety of a Novel orthokeratology lenses (MESOK study)-A randomized controlled clinical Trial combining clinical and tear Proteomics data. J Clin Med. 2023;12(9):3210.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3339_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2023.3331488","volume":"43","author":"D Rong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rong D, Zhao Z, Wu Y, Ke B, Ni B. Prediction of myopia Eye axial elongation with orthokeratology treatment via dense I2I based corneal topography Change analysis. IEEE Trans Med Imag. 2024;43(3):1149\u201364.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imag"},{"issue":"5","key":"3339_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-021-00854-4","volume":"65","author":"Y Nakamura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nakamura Y, Hieda O, Yokota I, Teramukai S, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S. Comparison of myopia progression between children wearing three types of orthokeratology lenseses and children wearing single-vision spectacles. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2021;65(5):632\u201343.","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3339_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-319431","volume":"107","author":"X He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He X, Sankaridurg P, Naduvilath T, et al. Normative data and percentile curves for axial length and axial length\/corneal curvature in Chinese children and adolescents aged 4\u201318 years. Br J Ophthalmol. 2023;107(2):167\u201375.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3339_CR13","unstructured":"Expert Group on the Application of Axial Length in Myopia Prevention and Control Management. Expert consensus on the application of axial length in myopia Prevention and control management (2023). Chin J Exp Ophthalmol. 2023, 2024;42(1):1\u201311."},{"issue":"1","key":"3339_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-025-04303-5","volume":"25","author":"X Hu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hu X, Wang Z, Sun B, et al. Orthokeratology for myopia control: a three-year longitudinal study on axial length modulation influenced by baseline age and spherical equivalent. BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25(1):466.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3339_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2018.05.006","volume":"116","author":"LN Sanchez-Pinto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sanchez-Pinto LN, Venable LR, Fahrenbach J, Churpek MM. Comparison of variable selection methods for clinical predictive modeling. Int J Med Inf. 2018;116:10\u201317.","journal-title":"Int J Med Inf"},{"key":"3339_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X221143058","volume":"43","author":"K Chalkou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chalkou K, Vickers AJ, Pellegrini F, Manca A, Salanti G. Decision curve analysis for personalized treatment choice between multiple options. Med Decis Mak: Int J Soc Med Decis Mak. 2023;43:337\u201349.","journal-title":"Med Decis Mak: Int J Soc Med Decis Mak"},{"key":"3339_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1466-7","volume":"17","author":"B Van Calster","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Calster B, McLernon DJ, van Smeden M, Wynants L, Steyerberg EW. Topic group \u2018evaluating diagnostic tests and prediction models\u2019 of the STRATOS initiative. Calibration: the achilles heel of predictive analytics. BMC Med. 2019;17:230.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"3339_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106156","volume":"150","author":"M Bhandari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhandari M, Shahi TB, Siku B, Neupane A. Explanatory classification of CXR images into COVID-19, pneumonia and tuberculosis using deep learning and XAI. Comput Biol Med. 2022;150:106156.","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"issue":"41","key":"3339_CR19","first-page":"1","volume":"20","author":"G Loveleen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Loveleen G, Mohan B, Shikhar BS, Nz J, Shorfuzzaman M, Masud M. Explanation-driven HCI model to examine the mini-mental state for alzheimer\u2019s disease. ACM Trans, Multimed Comput, Commun, Appl. 2023;20(41):1\u201341. 16.","journal-title":"ACM Trans, Multimed Comput, Commun, Appl"},{"key":"3339_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2024.04.072","volume":"98","author":"AN Patel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Patel AN, Murugan R, Srivastava G, Maddikunta PKR, Yenduri G, Gadekallu TR, et al. An explainable transfer learning framework for multi-classification of lung diseases in chest X-rays. Alexandria Eng J. 2024;98:328\u201343.","journal-title":"Alexandria Eng J"},{"key":"3339_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.02.063","volume":"377","author":"X Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao X, Wang Y, Li J, Liu W, Yang Y, Qiao Y, et al. A machine-learning-derived online prediction model for depression risk in COPD patients: a retrospective cohort study from CHARLS. J Affect Disord. 2025;377:284\u201393.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3339_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang D, Gong L, Wei C, Wang X, Liang Z. An explainable machine learning-based model to predict intensive care unit admission among patients with community-acquired pneumonia and connective tissue disease. Respir Res. 2024;25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-024-02874-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"3339_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e229","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15746","volume":"102","author":"S Sarkar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sarkar S, Khuu S, Kang P. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of different optical interventions on the control of myopia in children. Acta Ophthalmol. 2024;102(3):e229\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.15746.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3339_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paun\u00e9 J, Morales H, Armengol J, Quevedo L, Faria-Ribeiro M, Gonz\u00e1lez-M\u00e9ijome JM. Myopia control with a Novel peripheral gradient Soft lenses and orthokeratology: a 2-year clinical Trial. Biomed Res Int. 2015, 2015;507572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/507572.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/507572"},{"issue":"2021","key":"3339_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8915867","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8915867","volume":"27","author":"F Xiong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiong F, Mao T, Liao H, Hu X, Shang L, Yu L, Lin N, Huang L, Yi Y, Zhou R, Zhou X, Yi J. Orthokeratology and low-intensity laser therapy for slowing the progression of myopia in children. Biomed Res Int. 2021 Jan;27(2021):8915867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/8915867. PMID: 33575355IF: 2.3 Q3 B4; PMCID: PMC7861936IF: 2.3 Q3 B4.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3339_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.03.003","volume":"43","author":"Y Zhong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhong Y, Ke L, Qiong W, Liu F. Orthokeratology lenses for management of myopia in anisometropic children: a contralateral study. Cont Lenses Anterior Eye. 2020;43(1):40\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2019.03.003.","journal-title":"Cont Lenses Anterior Eye"},{"key":"3339_CR27","first-page":"bjo-2025","volume":"15","author":"Z Ruan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ruan Z, Jiang J, Xu S, Lu M, Hao W, Xiang C, et al. Development and validation of predictive models based on the first-month axial length change for the long-term efficacy of orthokeratology in myopic children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2025 Dec15:bjo-2025\u2013327171.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3339_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0175913","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175913","volume":"12","author":"B Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang B, Naidu RK, Qu X. Factors related to axial length elongation and myopia progression in orthokeratology practice. PLoS One. 2017 Apr 18;12(4):e0175913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0175913. PMID: 28419129IF: 2.6 Q2 B3; PMCID: PMC5395222IF: 2.6 Q2 B3.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"3339_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02480-1","volume":"22","author":"X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li X, Xu J, Hong J, Yao J. The relationship between corneal biomechanical parameters and treatment outcomes of orthokeratology lenseses. BMC Ophthalmol. 2022 Jun 11;22(1):262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-022-02480-1. PMID: 35690754IF: 1.7 Q3 B3; PMCID: PMC9188053IF: 1.7 Q3 B3.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"3339_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lai W, Diao C, Li H, Zhang Y, Jia Y, Wu X. Three optical intervention methods for low myopia control in children: a one-year follow-up study. BMC Ophthalmol. 2024 Jul 31; 24; 24(1(1):319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03598-0.Erratum. in:BMC. Ophthalmol.2024 Aug 27:377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03638-9.Erratum PMID: 39085810IF: 1.7 Q3 B3; PMCID: PMC11293150IF: 1.7 Q3 B3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03598-0.Erratum"},{"issue":"2","key":"3339_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000962","volume":"49","author":"A S\u00e1nchez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2023","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Garc\u00eda A, Molina-Mart\u00edn A, Ariza-Gracia M\u00c1, Pi\u00f1ero DP. Modeling and prediction of the immediate and short-term effect of myopic orthokeratology. Eye Contact Lenses. 2023;49(2):77\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000962.","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lenses"},{"issue":"1","key":"3339_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-025-00426-4","volume":"12","author":"R Xia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xia R, Yu X, Wu H, et al. Associations between RetNet gene polymorphisms and the efficacy of orthokeratology for myopia control: a retrospective clinical study. Eye Vis (Lond). 2025;12(1):13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40662-025-00426-4. Published 2025 Mar 17.","journal-title":"Eye Vis (lond)"},{"key":"3339_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817882","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.817882","volume":"9","author":"L Tao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tao L, Wang C, Peng Y, et al. Correlation between increase of axial length and height growth in Chinese School-age children. Front Public Health. 2022;9:817882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.817882. Published 2022 Jan 20.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12911-026-03339-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-026-03339-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-026-03339-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T01:03:04Z","timestamp":1773795784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12911-026-03339-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-026-03339-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital [No. 2024KY-67]. All study procedures adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. All children included in this study obtained informed consent from their parents (legal guardians) and themselves and signed informed consent forms.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"78"}}