{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T23:29:08Z","timestamp":1786404548665,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":67,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-026-03588-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T12:44:41Z","timestamp":1780663481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research on influenza surveillance and a prediction model based on multi-source data"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizhong","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuhong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiatian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiwen","family":"Cun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer","family":"Teeti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3588_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0002-y","volume":"4","author":"F Krammer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krammer F, Smith GJD, Fouchier RAM, Peiris M, Kedzierska K, Doherty PC, et al. Influenza. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4(1):3. Published 2018 Jun 28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-018-0002-y.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"3588_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Influenza \uff08 Seasonal).[EB\/OL]. 2024. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/influenza-(seasonal)."},{"issue":"2","key":"3588_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-016-2232-x","volume":"84","author":"V Kumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kumar V. Influenza in Children. Indian J Pediatr. 2017;84(2):139\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-016-2232-x.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3588_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19460-3","volume":"24","author":"W Jia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jia W, Zhang X, Sun R, Li P, Zhen X, Li Y, et al. Changes in the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in children in Zhengzhou, China, in the post-COVID-19 era. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):1938. Published 2024 Jul 19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19460-39.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"3588_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Macias AE, McElhaney JE, Chaves SS, Nealon J, Nunes MC, Samson SI, et al. The disease burden of influenza beyond respiratory illness. Vaccine. 2021;39(1):A6\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.09.048.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.09.048"},{"issue":"1","key":"3588_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12646-7","volume":"22","author":"M Saleh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saleh M, Farah Z, Howard N. Infectious disease surveillance for refugees at borders and in destination countries: a scoping review. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):227. Published 2022 Feb 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-12646-7.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"3588_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2018.08.005","volume":"39","author":"W Dayan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dayan W. Development and prospect of influenza surveillance network in China. Chin J Epidemiol. 2018;39(8):1036\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2018.08.005.","journal-title":"Chin J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3588_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang M, Hu Z, Feng L, Yu HJ, Yang J. Epidemic trends and prevention and control of seasonal influenza in China after the COVID-19 pandemic. Chinese Med J. 2024;104(8):559\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn112137-20231220-01430.","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112137-20231220-01430"},{"key":"3588_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang L, Zhang T, Han X, Yang J, Sun Y, Ma L, et al. Influenza epidemic trend surveillance and prediction based on search engine data: deep learning model study. J Med Internet Res. 2023 Oct;25(25):e45085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/45085.","DOI":"10.2196\/45085"},{"key":"3588_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marcelin JR, Cort\u00e9s-Penfield N, Del Rio C, Desai A, Echenique I, Granwehr B, et al. How the field of infectious diseases can leverage digital strategy and social media use during a pandemic. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021 Jan 19;8(2):ofab027. Published 2021 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab027.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab027"},{"issue":"7232","key":"3588_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07634","volume":"457","author":"J Ginsberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ginsberg J, Mohebbi MH, Patel RS, Brammer L, Smolinski MS, Brilliant L. Detecting influenza epidemics using search engine query data. Nature. 2009;457(7232):1012\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature07634.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"3588_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00384-w","volume":"4","author":"V Lampos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lampos V, Majumder MS, Yom-Tov E, Edelstein M, Moura S, Hamada Y, et al. Tracking COVID-19 using online search. NPJ Digit Med. 2021;4(1):17. Published 2021 Feb 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-021-00384-w.","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3588_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-021-2493-0","volume":"42","author":"ZX Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang ZX, Ntambara J, Lu Y, Dai W, Meng R-J, Qian D-M. Construction of influenza early warning model based on combinatorial judgment classifier: a case study of seasonal influenza in Hong Kong. Curr Med Sci. 2022;42(1):226\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11596-021-2493-0.","journal-title":"Curr Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3588_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-04977-w","volume":"20","author":"DE Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh DE, Marinescu MC, Carretero J, Delgado-Sanz C, Gomez-Barroso D, Larrauri A. Evaluating the impact of the weather conditions on the influenza propagation. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):265. Published 2020 Apr 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-020-04977-w.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3588_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Du M, Zhu H, Yin X, Ke T, Gu Y, Li S, et al. Exploration of influenza incidence prediction model based on meteorological factors in Lanzhou, China, 2014\u20132017. PLoS One. 2022;17(12):e0277045. Published 2022 Dec 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0277045.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277045"},{"key":"3588_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441240","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1441240","volume":"12","author":"X Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng X, Chen Q, Sun M, Zhou Q, Shi H, Zhang X, et al. Exploring the influence of environmental indicators and forecasting influenza incidence using ARIMAX models. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1441240. Published 2024 Sep 23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1441240.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3588_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16092","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-83431-2","volume":"15","author":"Z Qu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qu Z, Zhang L, Sha Y, Zhang B, Zhang K. Impact of dual climatic and socioeconomic factors on global trends in infectious disease outbreaks. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):16092. Published 2025 May 8 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-83431-2.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"3588_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2011.00234.x","volume":"5","author":"PY Bo\u00eblle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bo\u00eblle PY, Ansart S, Cori A, Valleron AJ. Transmission parameters of the A\/H1N1 (2009) influenza virus pandemic: a review. Influenza Resp Viruses. 2011;5(5):306\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2011.00234.x.","journal-title":"Influenza Resp Viruses"},{"issue":"14","key":"3588_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7790","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01244-13","volume":"87","author":"RJ de Groot","year":"2013","unstructured":"de Groot RJ, Baker SC, Baric RS, de Groot RJ, Brown CS, Drosten C, et al. Commentary: middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the coronavirus study group. J Virol. 2013;87(14):7790\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.01244-13.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"10223","key":"3588_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30185-9","volume":"395","author":"C Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):470\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30185-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"3588_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-022-00944-6","volume":"11","author":"JL Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang JL, Chen T, Deng LL, Han Y-J, Wang D-Y, Wang L-P, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of imported respiratory infectious diseases in China, 2014\u20122018. Infect Dis Poverty. 2022;11(1):22. Published 2022 Mar 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40249-022-00944-6.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"1","key":"3588_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-051920-093141","volume":"44","author":"P Jia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jia P, Liu S, Yang S. Innovations in Public Health surveillance for emerging infections. Annu Rev Public Health. 2023;44(1):55\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-051920-093141.","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"3588_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735","volume":"9","author":"S Hochreiter","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hochreiter S, Schmidhuber J. Long short-term memory. Neural Computation. 1997, Nov 15;9(8):1735\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735.","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"3588_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dai S, Han L. Influenza surveillance with Baidu index and attention-based long short-term memory model. PLoS One. 2023;18(1):e0280834. Published 2023Jan 23. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0280834.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280834"},{"issue":"1","key":"3588_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idm.2021.12.005","volume":"7","author":"N Absar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Absar N, Uddin N, Khandaker MU, Ullah H. The efficacy of deep learning based LSTM model in forecasting the outbreak of contagious diseases. Infect Disease Modell. 2022 Mar;7(1):170\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idm.2021.12.005.","journal-title":"Infect Disease Modell"},{"key":"3588_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Athanasiou M, Fragkozidis G, Zarkogianni K, Nikita KS. Long short-term memory\u2013based prediction of the spread of influenza-like illness leveraging surveillance, weather, and twitter data: Model development and validation. J Med Internet Res. 2023 Feb 6;25:e42519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/42519.","DOI":"10.2196\/42519"},{"issue":"1","key":"3588_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17978-0","volume":"24","author":"S Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei S, Lin S, Wenjing Z, Shaoxia S, Yuejie Y, Yujie H, et al. The prediction of influenza-like illness using national influenza surveillance data and Baidu query data. BMC Public Health. 2024 Feb 19;24(1):513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-17978-0.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3588_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-025-02959-5","volume":"22","author":"P Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang P, Jiang X, Liao Y. Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of influenza viruses in Fengdu district, Chongqing, China, from 2022 to 2024. Virol J. 2025 Oct 17;22(1):335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12985-025-02959-5.","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3588_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11514-0","volume":"25","author":"H Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang H, Gao Q, Zhan B, Cao G, Yu Z. Epidemiological characteristics of influenza after COVID-19 pandemic in Zhejiang province, China. BMC Infect Dis. 2025;25(1):1090. Published 2025 Sep 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11514-0.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3588_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-025-03308-4","volume":"26","author":"T Hu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hu T, Zhuang Y, Zou L, Li Z, Li Y, Li Y, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory infectious diseases in the first year after COVID-19 pandemic in Guangdong Province, China. Respir Res. 2025 Jul 2;26(1):222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-025-03308-4.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"3588_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li J, Yan X, Chu X, Zhang Y, Liu G, Li L, et al. A deep learning framework for using search engine data to predict influenza-like illness and distinguish epidemic and nonepidemic seasons: multifeature time series analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2025 Aug;27(27):e71786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/71786.","DOI":"10.2196\/71786"},{"issue":"1","key":"3588_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21651-5","volume":"25","author":"Q Yan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yan Q, Cheke RA, Tang S. The mediating effect of air pollution on the association between meteorological factors and influenza-like illness in China. BMC Public Health. 2025 Feb 8;25(1):526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-21651-5.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"3588_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idm.2025.07.010","volume":"10","author":"X Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang X, Hu J, Wang Z, Cai Y, He D. Interactive effects of meteorological factors and ambient air pollutants on influenza incidences 2019\u20132022 in Huaian, China. Infect Disease Modell. 2025 Jul 17;10(4):1384\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idm.2025.07.010.","journal-title":"Infect Disease Modell"},{"issue":"1","key":"3588_CR34","first-page":"60","volume":"44","author":"J Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang J, Feng L, Lai S, et al. Syndrome surveillance and early warning technology for acute respiratory infectious diseases: current status and future development. Chin J Epidemiol. 2023;44(1):60\u20136. (In Chinese).","journal-title":"Chin J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3588_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen L, Justice S, Allen MB. Prediction of cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcomes for arrest in surgical settings. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Oct 1;8(10):e2539767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.39767.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.39767"},{"issue":"1","key":"3588_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2796","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-23710-3","volume":"25","author":"PL Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li PL, Huang RW, Xie RM, Xie J, Liu K. Prediction of influenza-like illness incidence using meteorological factors in Kunming: deep learning model study. BMC Public Health. 2025 Aug 16;25(1):2796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-23710-3.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"13","key":"3588_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618508","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1618508","volume":"13","author":"D Koge","year":"2025","unstructured":"Koge D, Wagatsuma K. Long short-term memory-based forecasting of influenza epidemics using surveillance and meteorological data in Tokyo, Japan. Front Public Health. 2025 Aug;13(13):1618508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1618508.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"3588_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.08.024","volume":"47","author":"K Su","year":"2019","unstructured":"Su K, Xu L, Li G, Ruan X, Li X, Deng P, et al. Forecasting influenza activity using self-adaptive AI model and multi-source data in Chongqing, China. EBioMedicine. 2019, Sep;47:284\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.08.024. Epub 2019 Aug 30.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"3588_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li Y, Zhao L, Du Y, et al. Research on the optimization of early warning thresholds for three common infectious diseases in Hebi city, Henan Province. Mod Disease Prev Control, 1\u20135 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13515\/j.cnki.hnjpm.1006-8414.2025.12.014. (In Chinese).","DOI":"10.13515\/j.cnki.hnjpm.1006-8414.2025.12.014"},{"issue":"8","key":"3588_CR40","first-page":"765","volume":"39","author":"B Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang B, Yang K, Wu Q, et al. Optimal threshold selection for early automatic warning of five common infectious diseases in Ma\u2019anshan city. Med Anim Control. 2023;39(8):765\u201369. (In Chinese).","journal-title":"Med Anim Control"},{"issue":"13","key":"3588_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593102","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1593102","volume":"13","author":"T Yi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yi T, Zhang J, Shen P, Sun Y. Standardization of case definition and development of early-warning model for acute respiratory infection syndromes based on Yinzhou regional Health information platform. Front Public Health. 2025 May;13(13):1593102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1593102.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12911-026-03588-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-026-03588-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12911-026-03588-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T22:59:09Z","timestamp":1786402749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12911-026-03588-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3588"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-026-03588-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-6947"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-6947","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Scientific Research Ethics Review Committee of Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention had approved the study in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, with approval number of 2026\u20135. This study waived the requirement for informed consent from research participants, in accordance with the provisions of China\u2019s \u201cMeasures for the Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects\u201d regarding \u201cexemption from informed consent\u201d (i.e., the research risk is no greater than the minimum risk, and informed consent cannot be obtained).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"308"}}