{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T13:45:26Z","timestamp":1740145526346,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Source Code Biol Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Any empirical data can be approximated to one of Pearson distributions using the first four moments of the data (Elderton WP, Johnson NL. Systems of Frequency Curves. 1969; Pearson K. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser A. 186:343\u2013414 1895; Solomon H, Stephens MA. J Am Stat Assoc. 73(361):153\u201360 1978). Thus, Pearson distributions made statistical analysis possible for data with unknown distributions. There are both extant, old-fashioned in-print tables (Pearson ES, Hartley HO. Biometrika Tables for Statisticians, vol. II. 1972) and contemporary computer programs (Amos DE, Daniel SL. Tables of percentage points of standardized pearson distributions. 1971; Bouver H, Bargmann RE. Tables of the standardized percentage points of the pearson system of curves in terms of <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. 1974; Bowman KO, Shenton LR. Biometrika. 66(1):147\u201351 1979; Davis CS, Stephens MA. Appl Stat. 32(3):322\u20137 1983; Pan W. J Stat Softw. 31(Code Snippet 2):1\u20136 2009) available for obtaining percentage points of Pearson distributions corresponding to certain <jats:italic>pre-specified<\/jats:italic> percentages (or probability values; e.g., 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, etc.), but they are little useful in statistical analysis because we have to rely on unwieldy second difference interpolation to calculate a probability value of a Pearson distribution corresponding to a given percentage point, such as an observed test statistic in hypothesis testing.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The present study develops a  macro program to identify the appropriate type of Pearson distribution based on either input of dataset or the values of four moments and then compute and graph probability values of Pearson distributions for <jats:italic>any<\/jats:italic> given percentage points.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The SAS macro program returns accurate approximations to Pearson distributions and can efficiently facilitate researchers to conduct statistical analysis on data with unknown distributions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13029-019-0076-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T08:05:23Z","timestamp":1576829123000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Computing and graphing probability values of pearson distributions: a SAS\/IML macro"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xinming","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2410-9935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"76_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511569654","volume-title":"Systems of Frequency Curves","author":"WP Elderton","year":"1969","unstructured":"Elderton WP, Johnson NL. 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New York: Cambridge University Press; 1972."},{"key":"76_CR5","volume-title":"Tables of percentage points of standardized pearson distributions, Research Report SC-RR-71 0348","author":"DE Amos","year":"1971","unstructured":"Amos DE, Daniel SL. Tables of percentage points of standardized pearson distributions, Research Report SC-RR-71 0348. Albuquerque: Sanida Laboratories; 1971."},{"key":"76_CR6","volume-title":"Tables of the standardized percentage points of the pearson system of curves in terms of \u03b21 and \u03b22, Technical Report No. 107","author":"H Bouver","year":"1974","unstructured":"Bouver H, Bargmann RE. Tables of the standardized percentage points of the pearson system of curves in terms of \u03b21 and \u03b22, Technical Report No. 107. Georgia: Department of Statistics and Computer Science, University of Georgia; 1974."},{"issue":"1","key":"76_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/66.1.147","volume":"66","author":"KO Bowman","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bowman KO, Shenton LR. Approximate percentage points for pearson distributions. Biometrika. 1979; 66(1):147\u201351.","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"3","key":"76_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.2307\/2347964","volume":"32","author":"CS Davis","year":"1983","unstructured":"Davis CS, Stephens MA. Approximate percentage points using pearson curves. Appl Stat. 1983; 32(3):322\u20137.","journal-title":"Appl Stat"},{"issue":"Code Snippet 2","key":"76_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v031.c02","volume":"31","author":"W Pan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pan W. A SAS\/IML macro for computing percentage points of pearson distributions. J Stat Softw. 2009; 31(Code Snippet 2):1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"76_CR10","unstructured":"SAS Institute Inc.SAS\/IML 9.3 User\u2019s Guide. 2011. http:\/\/www.sas.com\/. Accessed 23 Jun 2012."}],"container-title":["Source Code for Biology and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13029-019-0076-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13029-019-0076-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13029-019-0076-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]],"date-time":"2020-12-19T00:13:30Z","timestamp":1608336810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/scfbm.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13029-019-0076-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["76"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13029-019-0076-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-0473"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1751-0473"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 September 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 November 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6"}}