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However, this flexibility comes at the expense of complexity in distributing a system over these two locations. For multi-tier web applications, this challenge manifests itself primarily in the partitioning of application- and database-tiers. While there is existing research that focuses on either application-tier or data-tier partitioning, we show that optimized partitioning of web applications benefits from both tiers being considered simultaneously. We present our research on a new cross-tier partitioning approach to help developers make effective trade-offs between performance and cost in a hybrid cloud deployment. The general approach primarily benefits from two technical improvements to integer-programming based application partitioning. First, an asymmetric cost-model for optimizing data transfer in environments where ingress and egress data-transfer have differing costs, such as in many infrastructure as a service platforms. Second, a new encoding of database query plans as integer programs, to enable simultaneous optimization of code and data placement in a hybrid cloud environment. In two case studies the approach results in up to 54% reduction in monetary costs compared to a premise only deployment and 56% improvement in response time compared to a naive partitioning where the application-tier is deployed in the public cloud and the data-tier is on private infrastructure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13174-014-0014-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,18]],"date-time":"2014-12-18T20:16:47Z","timestamp":1418933807000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Partitioning of web applications for hybrid cloud deployment"],"prefix":"10.5753","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nima","family":"Kaviani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Wohlstadter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rodger","family":"Lea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3742","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"14_CR1","volume-title":"Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing","author":"A Armbrust","year":"2009","unstructured":"Armbrust A, Fox A, Griffith R, Joseph AD, Katz RH, Konwinski A, Lee G, Patterson DA, Rabkin A, Stoica I, Zaharia M: Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing. 2009."},{"key":"14_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1966445.1966473","volume-title":"Clonecloud: Elastic Execution Between Mobile Device and Cloud","author":"BG Chun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chun BG, Ihm S, Maniatis P, Naik M, Patti A: Clonecloud: Elastic Execution Between Mobile Device and Cloud. 2011."},{"key":"14_CR3","first-page":"243","volume-title":"Proc. of SIGCOMM","author":"M Hajjat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hajjat M, Sun X, Sung YWE, Maltz D, Rao S, Sripanidkulchai K, Tawarmalani M: Cloudward Bound: Planning for Beneficial Migration of Enterprise Applications to the Cloud. 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