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Flame is a web application with a web-based graphic interface, which can be used as a desktop application or installed in a server receiving requests from multiple users. Models can be built starting from any collection of biologically annotated chemical structures since the software supports structural normalization, molecular descriptor calculation, and machine learning model generation using predefined workflows. The model building workflow can be customized from the graphic interface, selecting the type of normalization, molecular descriptors, and machine learning algorithm to be used from a panel of state-of-the-art methods implemented natively. Moreover, Flame implements a mechanism allowing to extend its source code, adding unlimited model customization. Models generated with Flame can be easily exported, facilitating collaborative model development. All models are stored in a model repository supporting model versioning. 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The current version is the result of nearly 3\u00a0years of development in collaboration with users from the pharmaceutical industry within the IMI eTRANSAFE project, which aims, among other objectives, to develop high-quality predictive models based on shared legacy data for assessing the safety of drug candidates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13321-021-00509-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T07:04:53Z","timestamp":1618815893000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Flame: an open source framework for model development, hosting, and usage in production environments"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8850-1341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Pastor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos","family":"G\u00f3mez-Tamayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferran","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"509_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1202","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv951","volume":"44","author":"S Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim S, Thiessen PA, Bolton EE et al (2016) PubChem substance and compound databases. 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