{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:03:48Z","timestamp":1790039028129,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,5]],"date-time":"2017-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,5]],"date-time":"2017-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000051","name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U41HG002273- 14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U41HG002273- 14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HG009453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HG009453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004410","name":"European Molecular Biology Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Core funding"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Core funding"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006132","name":"Office of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-AC02- 05CH11231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC02- 05CH11231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Semant"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bio-ontologies typically require multiple axes of classification to support the needs of their users. Development of such ontologies can only be made scalable and sustainable by the use of inference to automate classification via consistent patterns of axiomatization. Many bio-ontologies originating in OBO or OWL follow this approach. These patterns need to be documented in a form that requires minimal expertise to understand and edit and that can be validated and applied using any of the various programmatic approaches to working with OWL ontologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here we describe a system, Dead Simple OWL Design Patterns (DOS-DPs), which fulfills these requirements, illustrating the system with examples from the Gene Ontology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rapid adoption of DOS-DPs by multiple ontology development projects illustrates both the ease-of use and the pressing need for the simple design pattern system we have developed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13326-017-0126-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,5]],"date-time":"2017-06-05T09:38:30Z","timestamp":1496655510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Dead simple OWL design patterns"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7073-9172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Osumi-Sutherland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Courtot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Balhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Mungall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Database issue","key":"126_CR1","first-page":"1049","volume":"43","author":"JA Blake","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blake JA, Christie KR, Dolan ME, Drabkin HJ, Hill DP, Ni L, Sitnikov D, Burgess S, Buza T, Gresham C, McCarthy F, Pillai L, Wang H, Carbon S, Dietze H, Lewis SE, Mungall CJ, Munoz-Torres MC, Feuermann M, Gaudet P, Basu S, Chisholm RL, Dodson RJ, Fey P, Mi H, Thomas PD, Muruganujan A, Poudel S, Hu JC, Aleksander SA, McIntosh BK, Renfro DP, Siegele DA, Attrill H, Brown NH, Tweedie S, Lomax J, Osumi-Sutherland D, Parkinson H, Roncaglia P, Lovering RC, Talmud PJ, Humphries SE, Denny P, Campbell NH, Foulger RE, Chibucos MC, Gwinn Giglio M, Chang HY, Finn R, Fraser M, Mitchell A, Nuka G, Pesseat S, Sangrador A, Scheremetjew M, Young SY, Stephan R, Harris MA, Oliver SG, Rutherford K, Wood V, Bahler J, Lock A, Kersey PJ, McDowall MD, Staines DM, Dwinell M, Shimoyama M, Laulederkind S, Hayman GT, Wang SJ, Petri V, D\u2019Eustachio P, Matthews L, Balakrishnan R, Binkley G, Cherry JM, Costanzo MC, Demeter J, Dwight SS, Engel SR, Hitz BC, Inglis DO, Lloyd P, Miyasato SR, Paskov K, Roe G, Simison M, Nash RS, Skrzypek MS, Weng S, Wong ED, Berardini TZ, Li D, Huala E, Argasinska J, Arighi C, Auchincloss A, Axelsen K, Argoud-Puy G, Bateman A, Bely B, Blatter MC, Bonilla C, Bougueleret L, Boutet E, Breuza L, Bridge A, Britto R, Casals C, Cibrian-Uhalte E, Coudert E, Cusin I, Duek-Roggli P, Estreicher A, Famiglietti L, Gane P, Garmiri P, Gos A, Gruaz-Gumowski N, Hatton-Ellis E, Hinz U, Hulo C, Huntley R, Jungo F, Keller G, Laiho K, Lemercier P, Lieberherr D, MacDougall A, Magrane M, Martin M, Masson P, Mutowo P, O\u2019Donovan C, Pedruzzi I, Pichler K, Poggioli D, Poux S, Rivoire C, Roechert B, Sawford T, Schneider M, Shypitsyna A, Stutz A, Sundaram S, Tognolli M, Wu C, Xenarios I, Chan J, Kishore R, Sternberg PW, Van Auken K, Muller HM, Done J, Li Y, Howe D, Westerfield M. 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