{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:30:06Z","timestamp":1772166606571,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004168","name":"Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004168","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Semant"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Expression Constraint Language (ECL) is a powerful query language for SNOMED CT, enabling precise semantic queries across clinical concepts. However, its complex syntax and reliance on the SNOMED CT Concept Model make it difficult for non-experts to use, limiting its broader adoption in clinical research and healthcare analytics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This work presents\n                      <jats:italic>ECLed<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a web-based tool designed to simplify access to ECL queries by abstracting the complexity of ECL syntax and the SNOMED CT Concept Model.\n                      <jats:italic>ECLed<\/jats:italic>\n                      is aimed at non-technical users, enabling the creation and modification of ECL queries and facilitating the querying of patient data coded with SNOMED CT.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>ECLed<\/jats:italic>\n                      was developed following a detailed requirements analysis, addressing both functional and non-functional needs. The tool supports the creation and editing of SNOMED CT ECL queries, integrates a processed Concept Model, and uses FHIR terminology services for semantic validation. Its modular architecture, with a frontend based on Angular and a backend on Spring Boot, ensures seamless communication through RESTful interfaces.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>ECLed<\/jats:italic>\n                      demonstrated high usability in a user survey. Technical validation confirmed that it reliably generates and edits complex ECL queries. The tool was successfully integrated into the\n                      <jats:italic>DaWiMed<\/jats:italic>\n                      research platform, enhancing clinical analysis workflows. It also worked effectively with clinical data in FHIR format, although scalability with larger datasets remains to be tested.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>ECLed<\/jats:italic>\n                      overcomes the limitations of existing ECL tools by abstracting the complexity of both the syntax and the SNOMED CT Concept Model. It provides a user-friendly solution that enables both technical and non-technical users to easily create and edit ECL queries.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>ECLed<\/jats:italic>\n                      offers a practical, user-friendly solution for creating SNOMED CT ECL queries, effectively hiding the underlying complexity while optimizing clinical research and data analysis workflows. It holds significant potential for further development and integration into additional research platforms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13326-025-00344-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T12:06:48Z","timestamp":1767701208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ECLed\u2013 a tool supporting the effective use of the SNOMED CT Expression Constraint Language"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Tessa","family":"Ohlsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Ingenerf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"344_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benson T, Grieve G. 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